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1、SCIENCECHINAEarthSciencesSPECIALTOPIC:Cretaceousgreenhousepalaeoclimateandsea-levelchangesJanuary2017Vol.60No.1:5–19•REVIEW•doi:10.1007/s11430-016-0095-9TowardunderstandingCretaceousclimate—Anupdatedreview*WilliamW.HAYDepartmentofGeologicalSciencesandUniversityMuseum,Univer
2、sityofColoradoatBoulder,2045WindcliffDr.,EstesPark,CO80517,USAReceivedJune24,2016;acceptedAugust30,2016;publishedonlineNovember22,2016Abstract NewdataandideasarechangingourviewofconditionsduringtheCretaceous.Paleotopographyofthecontinentswaslowerthanoriginallythought,eli
3、minatingthe‘coldcontinentalinteriorparadox’offossilsofplantsthatcouldnottoleratefreezingoccurringinregionsindicatedbyclimatemodelstobewellbelowfreezinginwinter.ThecontroversyovertheheightofCretaceoussealevelshasbeenresolvedbyknowledgeoftheeffectsofpassageofthesubductedslabo
4、ftheFarallonPlatebeneaththeNorthAmericancrust.Thecauseofshortertermsealevelchangesoftheorderof30to50metersisnotbecauseofgrowthanddecayoficesheets,butmorelikelythefillingandreleaseofwaterfromgroundwaterreservoirsandlakesalthoughtheremayhavebeensomeiceintheEarlyandlatestCreta
5、ceous.Carbondioxidewasnottheonlysignificantgreenhousegas;methanecontributedsignificantlytothewarmerclimate.Suggestionsofverywarmtropicaloceantemperatures(>40°C)haveimplicationsforthenatureofplantlifeonlandlimitedbyRubiscoactivase.Thelandsurfacesweremuchwetterthanhasbeenthou
6、ght,withmeanderingriversandmanyoxbowlakesprovidinghabitatforlargedinosaurs.AmajorrethinkingofthenatureofconditionsonawarmerEarthisunderway,andanewsuiteofpaleoclimatesimulationsfortheCretaceousisneeded.Keywords Cretaceous,Paleogeography,Paleotopography,Sealevel,Greenhouse
7、,Paleohydrology,PaleoclimateCitation:HayWW.2017.TowardunderstandingCretaceousclimate—Anupdatedreview.ScienceChinaEarthSciences,60:5–19,doi:10.1007/s11430-016-0095-91.IntroductionofthewarmesttimesoftheMesozoic;(4)uncertaintiesconcerningthebathymetryoftheseafloorandtopography
8、Thepastfewyearshaveseenmajoradvancesinourknowl-ofthecontinents;(5)conflictingevide
