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1、InternationalJournalofCoalGeology101(2012)36–81ContentslistsavailableatSciVerseScienceDirectInternationalJournalofCoalGeologyjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/ijcoalgeoReviewArticleCoalbedmethane:AreviewTimA.Moore⁎CipherCoalConsultingLtd.,173CliftonTerrace,Sumner,Christchurch,
2、8081,NewZealandDepartmentofGeologicalSciences,UniversityofCanterbury,Christchurch,NewZealandarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:ThecommercialextractionofmethanefromcoalbedsisnowwellestablishedinanumberofcountriesReceived29December2011throughouttheworld,includingtheUSA,Australia,China,
3、IndiaandCanada.BecausecoalisalmostpureReceivedinrevisedform19May2012carbon,itsreservoircharacterisfundamentallydifferenttoconventionalgasplays.Coalbedmethane(CBM)Accepted20May2012formsaseitherbiogenically-orthermogenically-derivedgas.Theformeroccursin‘undermature’(b0.5%Availableonli
4、ne14July2012vitrinitereflectance)coalsandistheresultofbacterialconversionofcoalintoCO2oracetate,whichisthentransformedbyarchaeaintoCH4.ThermogenicgasisformedaspartofthecoalificationprocessandispurelyaKeywords:CoalbedmethanechemicaldevolatilizationthatreleasesCH4.Methaneisprimarilystor
5、edincoalthroughadsorptionontotheCoalseamgascoalsurface;thusitisporesurfaceareathatdeterminesthemaximumgasholdingpotentialofareservoir(asReservoiropposedtoporevolumeinaconventionalreservoir).Althoughmacro-,meso-,andmicroporesarepresentinBiogenicthecoalmatrix,itisthoughtthatthemicropo
6、resarewheremostmethaneadsorptionoccurs.InmanyoftheThermogenicmicropores,themethanemoleculemayactuallystretch,minutely,theporeandthuswithde-gassingoftheGassaturationreservoir,couldresultinmatrixshrinkage,allowingopeningofthefracture(cleat)systeminthecoalandthusProductionenhancingperm
7、eability.Theorganiccompositionofthecoalisparamountindeterminingporosityandperme-Explorationabilitycharacterandthusmaximumgasholdingcapacity.Ingeneral,thehigherthevitrinitecontentthehighertheDiffusiongasholdingpotential(andultimatelytheamountofdesorbedgas)andpermeability(allotherfact
8、orsbeingthePermeabi
