常见句子成分完整讲义总结+复习.doc

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1、英语语法复习一——句子成分英语的句子中主要要这几种成分：主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表。其中句子主干组成：主、谓、宾、表、补（组成五大基本句型）句子中的修饰成分：定语、状语（在句子中可增可减，去掉不影响句子的完整）一、主语（名词结构的词可做主语）1.名词Schoolisover.Breadismadefromflour.2.代词Heenjoysplayingtennis.ShelikestowatchTVonSundays.3.the+形容词Therichenvythehappinessofthepoor.Thebeautifullivesforever

2、.4.to+do不定式Tokeepearlyhoursmakesushealthy.Toseeistobelieve.5.doing动名词Joggingisgoodforourhealth.Writingwellrequiresmuchpractice.6.名词短语Howtosolvetheproblemtroublesmemuch.7.主语从句Thattheearthisroundisknowntoeveryone.Whyheresignedisamysterytome.It(形式主语)isobviousthatheknowseverything（

3、主语从句）.二、谓语（动词做句子的谓语，谓语往往有时态的变化）Be动词Youaremybestfriend.Youwereright.Ihavebeentherebefore.系动词Theflowerssmellsweet.Itturnedblue.及物动词Igaveherabread.Ihaveadictionary.不及物动词Thesunrises.Hermotherleftinadarkmorning.动词短语Heappliedforapresitigiousuniversity.Wemustlookintothematterimmediate

4、ly.Thestudentdealswithaverydifficultquestion.助动词+动词Ihavefinishedmywork.Iwashelpedbymyteacher.Idon’tknowwhyithappened.Hewillcomebacktomorrow.情态动词+动词Imustlearnanotherlanguage.Shehastoconsiderhisopinion.IwouldgotoMr.Smithforhelp.5/5三、宾语（请注意：能做主语的词也能做宾语；及物动词有宾语，介词后面也有宾语）1.名词Hewrote

5、aletter.Ihaveaheadache.2.代词Hehelpedmeinthework.Playingtennismadehimpopular.3.the+形容词Therichshouldhelpthepoor.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.4.todo不定式Iwanttogototheconcert.Helikestolistentomusic.5.doing动名词Idon’tmindgettingwet.Ienjoywatchingafootballgame.6.名词短语Idon’tknowhowtoswim.Id

6、ecidedwhattobuy.7.宾语从句Iwonderwhenhewillcome.Tellmewhyyoucamelate.Ithoughtthatthebushadleft.Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.8.直接宾语和间接宾语Theytoldme(间)thenews（直）.Heshowedme（间）howtodoit（直）.9.同源宾语（许多不及物动词可接同源宾语）Shelivesahappylife.Hesleptapeacefulsleep.Hedreamedastrangedream.四、补语（宾语补

7、足语，对宾语进行解释说明，可和宾语构成有逻辑的句子）1.名词Theyelectedhimchairman.Thepresidentmadehimcaptain.2.形容词Herboyfriendmakeshersad.Ifoundtheroomempty.Wekeepthebabywarm.3.形容词短语Thegirlsmadehistablefullofflowers.Theybelieveditofnovalue.Theteachermakeshimconsciousofhismistake.4.不定式Thesoldiersdonotallowa

8、nyonetoenter.Mysisteraskedmetogohome.Hehelpsmetogetbet