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1、非谓语动词Non-infinitive非谓语动词RichardLi非谓语动词I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表：语态类别时态主动语态被动语态ing一般式:(与谓语动词同时发生)makingbeingmade完成式:(先与谓语动词之前发生)havingmade(不作定语）havingbeenmade(不作定语）ed只有一般式:(不强调时间先后，只说明原因、条件等)×made(表被动）inf一般式:(与谓语动词(几乎)同时发生)tomaketobemade完成式:(先与谓语动词之前发生)tohavemadetohavebeenmade进行式:(在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行)
2、tobemaking×▲在成份上非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）1.Thiscupisbroken.2.Thi
3、sisabrokencup.3.Ifoundthecupbroken.4.BrokenbyTom,thecupcan’tbeused.(作表语）(作定语)(作宾语补足语）(作状语）1.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.4.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.5.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.6.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主语）(作宾语）(作宾补）(作表语）(
4、作定语）(作状语）主语表语宾语定语补语状语todo-ingformpp非谓语动词功能比较▲ed+主句（不强调时间先后）;Beinged+主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）;Havingbeened+主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代替.1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.2.Beingusedbymenow,thebikecan’tbelenttoyou.3.Havingbeenusedformanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.4.Writteninsim
5、pleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.5.Havingbeentoldseveraltimes,可以写成=Toldseveraltimes,hecouldn’tunderstandwhatImeant.1.todo表示具体的动作，-ingform表示泛指的动作。eg.Seeingisbelieving.Ilikeskating,butIdon’tliketoskatetoday.Playingwithfireisdangerous.Lookout！Toplaywithfireisdangerous.2.“thereisno+主语”句型中，多用-i
6、ngform.eg.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.一、作主语和表语注意★过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.二、ing-form和todo作宾语的区别：⑴.下列动词常用不定式作宾语：aim,ask,dare,appear,arrange,demand,help,hesitate,pay,plan,wait,fail,seek,prepare,happen,mean,prove,expect,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree,choose,promise,pretend,manage,care,d
7、etermine,afford等。如：Heofferedtohelpus.Ididn'texpecttofindyouhere．Theyrefusedtoaccepthisinvitation．Thelittleboypretendedtobeasleepwhenhismothercamein．(2)下列动词通常用~ing形式作宾语：admit,report,appreciate,deny,explain,mention,resist,stand,stop,imagine,recall,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,
