Myers+Psy05感觉 心理学课件.ppt

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1、Myers’PSYCHOLOGYChapter5SensationSensationSensationaprocessbywhichoursensoryreceptorsandnervoussystemreceiveandrepresentstimulusenergyPerceptionaprocessoforganizingandinterpretingsensoryinformation,enablingustorecognizemeaningfulobjectsandeventsSensationOursensoryandperceptualprocesseswo

2、rktogethertohelpussortoutcomplextprocessesSensationBottom-UpProcessinganalysisthatbeginswiththesensereceptorsandworksuptothebrain’sintegrationofsensoryinformationTop-DownProcessinginformationprocessingguidedbyhigher-levelmentalprocessesaswhenweconstructperceptionsdrawingonourexperiencean

3、dexpectationsSensation-BasicPrinciplesPsychophysicsstudyoftherelationshipbetweenphysicalcharacteristicsofstimuliandourpsychologicalexperienceofthemLight-brightnessSound-volumePressure-weightTaste-sweetnessSensation-ThresholdsAbsoluteThresholdminimumstimulationneededtodetectaparticularsti

4、mulus50%ofthetimeDifferenceThresholdminimumdifferencebetweentwostimulirequiredfordetection50%ofthetimejustnoticeabledifference(JND)Sensation-ThresholdsSignalDetectionTheorypredictshowandwhenwedetectthepresenceofafaintstimulus(signal)amidbackgroundstimulation(noise)assumesthatthereisnosin

5、gleabsolutethresholddetectiondependspartlyonperson’sexperienceexpectationsmotivationleveloffatigueSensation-ThresholdsSubliminalWhenstimuliarebelowone’sabsolutethresholdforconsciousawareness0255075100LowAbsolutethresholdMediumIntensityofstimulusPercentageofcorrectdetectionsSubliminalstim

6、uliSensation-ThresholdsWeber’sLaw-toperceiveasdifferent,twostimulimustdifferbyaconstantminimumpercentagelightintensity-8%weight-2%tonefrequency-0.3%Sensoryadaptation-diminishedsensitivityasaconsequenceofconstantstimulationVision-StabilizedImagesontheRetinaVisionTransductionconversionofon

7、eformofenergytoanotherinsensation,transformingofstimulusenergiesintoneuralimpulsesWavelengththedistancefromthepeakofonewavetothepeakofthenextVisionHuedimensionofcolordeterminedbywavelengthoflightIntensityamountofenergyinawavedeterminedbyamplitudebrightnessloudnessThespect