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1、SamuelLanghorneClemens(1835–1910),betterknownbyhispennameMarkTwain,wasanAmericanauthorandhumorist.Heismostnotedforhisnovels,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876),anditssequel,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1885),thelatteroftencalled"theGreatAmericanNovel."TwaingrewupinHannibal,Missouri,whichwo
2、uldlaterprovidethesettingforHuckleberryFinnandTomSawyer.Heapprenticedwithaprinter.HealsoworkedasatypesetterandcontributedarticlestohisolderbrotherOrion'snewspaper.Aftertoilingasaprinterinvariouscities,hebecameamasterriverboatpilotontheMississippiRiver,beforeheadingwesttojoinOrion.Hew
3、asafailureatgoldmining,sohenextturnedtojournalism.Whileareporter,hewroteahumorousstory,TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty,whichbecameverypopularandbroughtnationwideattention.Histravelogueswerealsowell-received.Twainhadfoundhiscalling.Heachievedgreatsuccessasawriterandpublicspe
4、aker.Hiswitandsatireearnedpraisefromcriticsandpeers,andhewasafriendtopresidents,artists,industrialists,andEuropeanroyalty.Helackedfinancialacumen,and,thoughhemadeagreatdealofmoneyfromhiswritingsandlectures,hesquandereditonvariousventures,inparticularthePaigeCompositor,andwasforcedtod
5、eclarebankruptcy.WiththehelpofHenryHuttlestonRogersheeventuallyovercamehisfinancialtroubles.Twainworkedhardtoensurethatallofhiscreditorswerepaidinfull,eventhoughhisbankruptcyhadrelievedhimofthelegalresponsibility.TwainwasbornduringavisitbyHalley'sComet,andpredictedthathewould"gooutwi
6、thit"aswell.Hediedthedayfollowingthecomet'ssubsequentreturn.Hewaslaudedasthe"greatestAmericanhumoristofhisage,"andWilliamFaulknercalledTwain"thefatherofAmericanliterature."
