英语词汇学串讲2.ppt

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1、III.WordFormation3.1.MorphemeMorpheme:Itistheminimalmeaningfulunitoflanguageandcan’tbefurtherdivided.出题形式：选择，定义2005年13.Structurallya（　　　）isthesmallestmeaningfulunitofalanguage.A.morphemeB.stemC.wordD.compound答案：A3.2.Morphs(形素)andAllomorphs(词素变体)Morphs：Morphemesareab

2、stractunits,whicharerealizedinspeechbydiscreteunitsknownasmorphs.Theyareactualspoken,minimalcarriersofmeaning.Thesemorphemescoincidewithwordsastheycanstandbythemselvesandfunctionfreelyinasentence.Wordsofthiskindarecalledmonomorphemicwords.Allomorphs：Somemorphemes,ho

3、wever,arerealizedbymorethanonemorphaccordingtotheirpositioninaword.Suchalternativemorphsareknownasallomorphs.出题形式：选择，填空，定义2003（42）morphs，2002（45）allomorph2005年5.Amonomorphemicwordisawordthatconsistsofasingle（　　　）morpheme.A.formalB.concreteC.freeD.bound答案：C3.3.Typeso

4、fMorphemes：freemorphemesandboundmorphemes.3.3.1.FreeMorphemes：Morphemeswhichareindependentofothermorphemesareconsideredtobefree.Thesemorphemeshavecompletemeaningsinthemselvesandcanbeusedasfreegrammaticalunitsinsentences.Theyareidenticalwithrootwords,aseachofthemcons

5、istsofasinglefreeroot.3.3.2.BoundMorphemes：Morphemeswhichcannotoccurasseparatewordsarebound.Theyaresonamedbecausetheyareboundtoothermorphemestoformwords.Boundmorphemesarechieflyfoundinderivedwords.BoundMorphemesincludeboundrootandaffixes;Affixescanbefurtherdividedin

6、toinflectionalandderivationalaffixes.3.3.2.1boundroot:Unlikeafreeroot,itisboundformandhastocombinewithothermorphemestomakewords.3.3.2.2Affixes：Theyareformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelementstomodifymeaningorfunction.Inflectionalaffixes：Affixesattachedtotheendofword

7、stoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectional,thusknownasinflectionalmorphemes.Derivationalaffixes：Derivationalaffixesareaffixesaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenewwords.Derivationalaffixescanbefurtherdividedintoprefixesandsuffixes.出题形式：选择，填空2005（14）,2004（5）（19）,20

8、03（17）,2002（15）（20）.2006年3.Affixesattachedtoothermorphemestocreatenewwordsareknownas_________.A.inflectionalaffixesB.derivationalaffixesC.