大学化学课件-国外原版教材-4.ppt

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1、AqueousReactionsandSolutionStoichiometryChapter4DavidP.WhiteUniversityofNorthCarolina,WilmingtonCopyright1999,PRENTICEHALL1Chapter4IonicCompoundsinWaterIonsdissociateinwater.Insolution,eachionissurroundedbywatermolecules.Transportofionsthroughsolutioncausesflowofcurrent.Properti

2、esofSolutesinAqueousSolutionCopyright1999,PRENTICEHALL2Chapter4IonicCompoundsinWaterPropertiesofSolutesinAqueousSolutionCopyright1999,PRENTICEHALL3Chapter4MolecularCompoundsinWaterMolecularcompoundsinwater(e.g.,CH3OH):noionsareformed.Iftherearenoionsinsolution,thereisnothingtotr

3、ansportelectriccharge.PropertiesofSolutesinAqueousSolutionCopyright1999,PRENTICEHALL4Chapter4StrongandWeakElectrolytesStrongelectrolytes:completelydissociateinsolution.Forexample:Weakelectrolytes:produceasmallconcentrationofionswhentheydissolve.Theseionsexistinequilibriumwiththe

4、unionizedsubstance.Forexample:PropertiesofSolutesinAqueousSolutionCopyright1999,PRENTICEHALL5Chapter4Usedtohighlightreactionbetweenions.Molecularequation:allspecieslistedintheirmolecularforms:HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)H2O(l)+NaCl(aq)Completeionicequation:listsallions:H+(aq)+Cl-(aq)+Na+(a

5、q)+OH-(aq)H2O(l)+Na+(aq)+Cl-(aq)Netionicequation:listsonlyuniqueions:H+(aq)+OH-(aq)H2O(l)Notethatonlystrongelectrolytesarewritteninionicform.IonicEquationsCopyright1999,PRENTICEHALL6Chapter4Metathesisreactionsinvolveswappingionsinsolution:AX+BYAY+BX.Metathesisreactionswilllea

6、dtoachangeinsolutionifoneofthreethingsoccurs:aninsolublesolidisformed(precipitate),weakornonelectrolytesareformed,oraninsolublegasisformed.MetathesisReactionsCopyright1999,PRENTICEHALL7Chapter4SolubilityGuidelinesforIonicCompoundsMetathesisReactionsCopyright1999,PRENTICEHALL8Cha

7、pter4SolubilityGuidelinesforIonicCompoundsMetathesisReactionsCopyright1999,PRENTICEHALL9Chapter4AcidsDissociation=pre-formedionsinsolidmoveapartinsolution.Ionization=neutralsubstanceformsionsinsolution.Acid=substancesthationizestoformH+insolution(e.g.HCl,HNO3,CH3CO2H,lemon,lime,

8、vitaminC).Bases=substancesthatreactwiththeH+ion