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ID:48661555
大小:6.54 MB
页数:87页
时间:2020-01-18
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1、GovernmentinterventionMethodofGov’tinterventionTaxationSubsidiesBufferstocksPollutionpermitsStateprovisionRegulation–quality&quantitycontrols(quotas)ExtendingpropertyrightsCompetitionpolicyPricestabilization–toavoidinflationPrivateGoodsCharacteristicsofPrivategoods–Excludable–youmustpaytoconsumeex.a
2、mealinarestaurantisclearlyaprivategood.Rival:theconsumptionbyonepersonreducestheamountforothers.Exscarceresourcesareusedupinproducing&supplyingthegoodorservice.YouorderpizzafrompizzahutthepizzaisnolongeravailableforsomeoneelseRejectability:Privategoods&servicescanberejected-ifyoudon'tlikethesouponth
3、ecollegeorschoolmenu,youcanuseyourmoneytobuysomethingelsePublicownership&PublicgoodsThisiswherethegovernmentownbusinessesPublicgoods–theseareservicesthatareprovidedbythegov’t.Purepublicgoodshavethefollowingfeatures-Nonexcludability–everyonecanconsumethegoodswhethertheypayornotNonrivalryinconsumption
4、=consumptionbyonepersondoesnotreducetheavailabilityforothers(ex.Streetlighting&nationaldefenceAdvantages&disadvantagesofpublicownershipAdvantagesProvidesjobswhichareusuallyprotectedsoreducesunemploymentFiniteresourcessuchaswaterandenergycanbeguaranteedandcontrolledAbletoprovideessentialservicestothe
5、wholecountryDisadvantagesHighercostsforthegovernmentwhichmeanshighertaxesInefficiency–publicorganisationsareofteninefficientduetodiseconomiesofscaleGovernmentandpoliticalinterferencemayreduceefficiencyofoperationsQuasi-PublicGoodsgoods(itisanearpublicgood)CanfindArenon-purepublicgoods–thesearealsokn
6、ownasquasi-publicwaystoexcludepeoplefromconsumingthemSemi-non-rival:uptoapoint,extraconsumersusingapark,beachorroaddonotreducetheamountoftheproductavailabletootherconsumersAdditionalconsumersmayreducetheamountiftheseplacesarecrowdedSemiexcludable:itispossiblebutoftendifficultorexpensivetoexcludenon-
7、payingconsumers.E.g.fencingaparkorbeachandcharginganentrancefee;PublicVersusPrivateGoodsFourtypesofgoodsPrivateGoodsIcecreamconesClothingCongestedtollroadsNaturalMonopoliesFireprotectionCableTVUnconge
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