关于英美文学重点名词解释汇总.doc

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1、AmericanPuritanismPuritanismisthepracticesandbeliefsofthePuritans.ThePuritanswereoriginallymembersofadivisionoftheProtestantChurch,whocameintoexistenceinthereignsQueenElizabethandKingJamesⅠ.ThefirstsettlerswhobecamethefoundingfathersoftheAmericannation

2、werequiteafewofthemPuritans.CharacteristicsofLocalColor1.Settingsarefrequentlyremoteandinaccessible2.Charactersmaybecomecharactertypes,sometimesquaintorstereotypical.3.Thenarratoristypicallyaneducatedobserverfromtheworldbeyond4.Storiesmayrevolvearoundt

3、hecommunityanditsrituals.5.Anantipathytochangeandanostalgiaforanalways-pastgoldenageDarwinismSocialDarwinismisabeliefthatsocietiesandindividualhumanbeingscompeteinastruggleforexistenceinwhichnaturalselectionresultsin“struggleofthefittest.”SocialDarwini

4、stsbasetheirbeliefsontheoriesofevolutiondevelopedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwin.SocialDarwiniststypicallydenythattheyadvocatea“lawofjungle.”Butmostproposeargumentsthatjustifyimbalancesofpowerbetweenindividuals,races,andnations,becausetheyconsidersome

5、morefittosurvivethanothers.ThetheoryhadproducedabigimpactonNaturalism.EmersonianTranscendentalismEmersonianTranscendentalismisactuallyaphilosophicalschoolwhichabsorbedsomeideologicalconcernsofAmericanPuritanismandEuropeanRomanticism,withitsfocusonthein

6、tuitiveknowledgeofhumanbeingstograsptheabsoluteintheuniverseandthedivinityofman.Inhisessays,Emersonputforwardhisphilosophyoftheover-soul,theimportanceoftheIndividual,andNature.ExpressionismExpressionismisusedtodescribetheworksofartandliteratureinwhicht

7、herepresentationofrealityisdistortedtocommunicateaninnervision,transformingnatureratherthanimitatingit.Inliteratureitisoftenconsideredarevoltagainstrealismandnaturalism,aseekingtoachieveapsychologicalorspiritualrealityratherthantorecordexternalevents.H

8、awthorne'sviewofPuritanism:Hawthorne'sviewofmanandhumanhistoryoriginates,toagreatextent,inPuritanism.HewasnotaPuritanhimself,buthehadPuritanancestorswhoplayedanimportantroleinhislifeandworks.Hebelievedthat"thewrongdoingofonegenerationli