1、初中被动语态语法讲解(一) 语 态 分 类英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词b
2、e的变化形式完全一样。以 give 为例，列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + done一般过去时：was / were + done一般将来时：shall / will + be done一般过去将来时：should / would + be done现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done过去进行时：was / were + being + done现在完成时：have / has + been + done过去完成时：had + been + done将来完成时：shall / will +
3、have been + done过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.2. 一般过去时：(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The bu
4、ilding of a new car factory was agreed on last month.3. 一般将来时：(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.4. 过去将来时：(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The manager said the project would be completed by the end o
5、f the year.5. 现在进行时：(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.6. 过去进行时：(1)The workers were mending the road.The road was being mended.7. 现在完成时：(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told th
6、e sports meeting might be put off.8. 过去完成时：(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. (四） 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 (1)You must hand in y
7、our compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class. (五) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken
8、 by Paul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These ca
