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1、专题限时检测(二十三) 阅读理解D篇增分练(一)(共2篇，限时20分钟)AThosewhowanttolearnaforeignlanguage,orwanttheirchildrento,oftenfeeltheyareracingagainsttheclock.Peopleseemtogetworseatlanguagesastheyage.Childrenoftenlearntheirfirstlanguagewithoutanyinstruction,andcaneasilybecomemultilin
2、gualwiththerightexposure.Buttheolderpeopleget,theharderitseemstobe.Witnesstheroughedgesonthegrammarofmanyimmigrantsevenaftermanyyearsintheirnewcountries.Scientistsmostlyagreethatchildrenarebetterlanguagelearners,butdonotknowwhy.Someposit(认定)biologicalfactors
3、.Isitbecauseyoungbrainshaveanextremekindofplasticity?Or,asStevenPinker,aHarvardpsychologist,argues,aninstinctforlanguagelearningspecifically,whichfadesasthebrainagesand(inevolutionaryterms)isnolongerneeded?Othersthinkchildrenhavespecialenvironmentsandencoura
4、gements,notmoreintelligentbrains.Theyhavestrongmotivationtocommunicatewithcaregiversandimitatepeers,andarenotafraidofmakingmistakesinthewayadultsare.Somebelieveany“criticalperiod”mayonlyapplytothesoundsofaforeigntongue.Adultsstrugglewithaccents:eightdecadesa
5、fterimmigratingtoAmericaandfouryearsafterservingastheSecretaryofState,HenryKissingerstillsoundsfreshofftheboatfromFürth—inwhatisneverthelesselaboratelyaccurateEnglish.Butgrammarisdifferent,andsomeresearchershaveconsideredthatwiththeirgreaterreasoningpowers,a
6、dults_are_not_really_a_underdog_relative_to_children.Onestudyfoundthatwhenadultsandchildrenareexposedtothesameteachingmaterialsforanewlanguageforseveralmonths,theadultsactuallydobetter.Mostsuchresearchhashadtorelyonasmallnumberofsubjects,giventhedifficultyof
7、recruitingthem;itishardtoknowhowmeaningfultheresultsare.NowalargenewstudyledbyJoshuaHartshorneofBostonCollege(withMrPinkerandJoshuaTenenbaumascoauthors)hasgivenstrengthtothecriticalperiodhypothesis(假说)．Thestudyingeniouslyrecruited670,000onlinetesttakersbyfra
8、mingtheexerciseasaquizthatwouldguesstheparticipants'nativelanguageordialect.Thismadeitaviralhit.TherealpointwastotestEnglishlearners'knowledgeoftrickybitsofgrammar,andtoseehowthiscorrelateswitht
