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时间:2019-11-28
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1、Howpeoplemakedecisions:1・peoplefacetradeoffsHowpeopleinteract:2.Thecostofsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetit3.Rationalpeoplethinkatthemargin4.Peoplerespondtoincentives5.tradecanmakeeveryonebetteroff6.Marketsareusuallyagoodwaytoorganizeeconomicactivity7.Governmentcans
2、ometimesimprovemarketoutcomesHowtheeconomyasAwholeworks:8.Acountry'sstandardoflivingdependsonitsabilitytoproducegoodsandservices9.Pricesrisewhenthegovernmentprintstoomuchmoney10.Societyfacesashort-runtradeoffbetweeninflationandunemploymentKeyconcepts:Ability-to-p
3、ayprinciple(税收白勺)能力支付原则:TheideathattaxesshouldbeleviedonapersonaccordingtohowwellthatpersoncanshouldertheburdenAbsoluteadvantage绝对优势:ThecomparisonamongproducersofagoodaccordingtotheirproductivityAccountingprofit会计禾润:TotalrevenueminustotalexplicitcostAdverseselect
4、ion逆向选择:ThetendencyforthemixofunobservedattributestobecomeundesirablefromthestandpointofanuninformedpartyAgent代士里人:Apersonwhoisperforminganactforanotherperson,calledtheprincipalAggregate-demandcurve:acurvethatshowsthequantityofgoodsandservicesthathouseholds,firms
5、,andthegovernmentwanttobuyateachpricelevelAggregaterisk:riskthataffectsalleconomicactorsatonceAggregate-supplycurve:acurvethatshowsthequantityofgoodsandservicesthatfirmschoosetoproduceandsellateachpricelevelAppreciation:anincreaseinthevalueofacurrencyasmeasuredby
6、theamountofforeigncurrencyitcanbuyArrow'simpossibilitytheorem阿罗不町能定理:Amathematicalresultshowingthat,undercertainassumedconditions,thereisnoschemeforaggregatingindividualpreferencesintoavalidsetofsocialpreferencesAveragefixedcost平均I古I定成木:Fixedcostsdividedbythequan
7、tityofoutputAveragerevenue平均收TotalrevenuedividedbythequantitysoldAveragetaxrate、卜均税率:TotaltaxespaiddividedbytotalincomeAveragetotalcost平均总成本:TotalcostdividedbythequantityofoutputAveragevariablecost平」勺川变成本:VariablecostsdividedbythequantityofoutputAutomaticstabiliz
8、ers:changesinfiscalpolicythatstimulateaggregatedemandwhentheeconomygoesintoarecessionwithoutpolicymakershavingtotakeanydeliberateactionBalancetrade:asituationi
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