曼昆宏观经济学英文定义大全

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1、Howpeoplemakedecisions:1・peoplefacetradeoffsHowpeopleinteract:2.Thecostofsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetit3.Rationalpeoplethinkatthemargin4.Peoplerespondtoincentives5.tradecanmakeeveryonebetteroff6.Marketsareusuallyagoodwaytoorganizeeconomicactivity7.Govern

2、mentcansometimesimprovemarketoutcomesHowtheeconomyasAwholeworks:8.Acountry'sstandardoflivingdependsonitsabilitytoproducegoodsandservices9.Pricesrisewhenthegovernmentprintstoomuchmoney10.Societyfacesashort-runtradeoffbetweeninflationandunemploymentKeyconce

3、pts：Ability-to-payprinciple（税*攵的）能力支彳寸原贝0：TheideathattaxesshouldbeleviedonapersonaccordingtohowwellthatpersoncanshouldertheburdenAbsoluteadvantage绝对优势：ThecomparisonamongproducersofagoodaccordingtotheirproductivityAccountingprofit会计利润：Totalrevenueminustota

4、lexplicitcostAdverseselection逆向选择:ThetendencyforthemixofunobservedattributestobecomeundesirablefromthestandpointofanuninformedpartyAgent代于里人：Apersonwhoisperforminganactforanotherperson,calledtheprincipalAggregate-demandcurve:acurvethatshowsthequantityofgo

5、odsandservicesthathouseholds,firms,andthegovernmentwanttobuyateachpricelevelAggregaterisk:riskthataffectsalleconomicactorsatonceAggregate-supplycurve:acurvethatshowsthequantityofgoodsandservicesthatfirmschoosetoproduceandsellateachpricelevelAppreciation:a

6、nincreaseinthevalueofacurrencyasmeasuredbytheamountofforeigncurrencyitcanbuyArrow'simpossibilitytheorem阿罗不可能定理:Amathematicalresultshowingthat,undercertainassumedconditions,thereisnoschemeforaggregatingindividualpreferencesintoavalidsetofsocialpreferencesA

7、veragefixedcost平均固定成本：FixedcostsdividedbythequantityofoutputAveragerevenue平均收益:TotalrevenuedividedbythequantitysoldAveragetaxrate平均税率:TotaltaxespaiddividedbytotalincomeAveragetotalcost平均总成本:TotalcostdividedbythequantityofoutputAveragevariablecost平均"J变成本：V

8、ariablecostsdividedbythequantityofoutputAutomaticstabilizers:changesinfiscalpolicythatstimulateaggregatedemandwhentheeconomygoesintoarecessionwithoutpolicymakershavingtotakeanydeliberateactionBalaneetrade:asituation