糖尿病英文简介.doc

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1、DiabetesmellitusDiabetesmellitus(DM),commonlyreferredtoasdiabetes,isagroupofmetabolicdiseasesinwhichtherearehighbloodsugarlevelsoveraprolongedperiod.Symptomsofhighbloodsugarincludefrequenturination,increasedthirst,andincreasedhunger.Ifleftuntreated,diabetesc

2、ancausemanycomplications.Acutecomplicationscanincludediabeticketoacidosis（酮症酸中毒）,nonketotichyperosmolarcoma（高糖昏迷）,ordeath.Seriouslong-termcomplicationsincludeheartdisease,stroke,chronickidneyfailure,footulcers,anddamagetotheeyes.Diabetesisduetoeitherthepancr

3、easnotproducingenoughinsulinorthecellsofthebodynotrespondingproperlytotheinsulinproduced.Therearethreemaintypesofdiabetesmellitus:Type1DMresultsfromthepancreas'sfailuretoproduceenoughinsulin.Type2DMbeginswithinsulinresistanceGestationaldiabetesisthethirdmain

4、formandoccurswhenpregnantwomenwithoutaprevioushistoryofdiabetesdevelophighblood-sugarlevels.Preventionandtreatmentinvolvemaintainingahealthydiet,regularphysicalexercise,anormalbodyweight,andavoidinguseoftobacco.Controlofbloodpressureandmaintainingproperfootc

5、areareimportantforpeoplewiththedisease.Type1DMmustbemanagedwithinsulininjections.Type2DMmaybetreatedwithmedicationswithorwithoutinsulin.Insulinandsomeoralmedicationscancauselowbloodsugar.Weightlosssurgeryinthosewithobesityissometimesaneffectivemeasureinthose

6、withtype2DM.Gestationaldiabetesusuallyresolvesafterthebirthofthebaby.