人文地理(3轮)4.ppt

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1、人文地理HUMANGEOGRAPHY第四章人口与发展第一节人口增长过程一农业革命之前的人口二农业革命与人口增长三工业革命对人口增长的影响四世界人口增长趋势第二节人口转变模式一发达国家的人口转变模式二发展中国家的人口转变模式三中国的人口转变模式Theglobalrateofpopulationgrowthsharplyincreasedduringthreeperiod---around8000B.C.,A.D.1750,and1950.Eachpopulationspurtwasaccompaniedb

2、ytechnologicaladvancesthatgavepeoplegreatercontrolovertheirphysicalandsocialenvironments.Inturn,thesetechnologicalimprovementsincreasedthecapacityoftheearthtosupporthumanpopulation.Firstperiod.Forseveralhundredthousandyearspriortoapproximately8000B.C,glo

3、balpopulationhadincreasedverymodestly,atanaverageofonlyacoupleofdozenpeopleperyear.Thenaroundthatyear,theannualgrowthratesurgedtofiftytimeshigherthaninthepast,andworldpopulationgrewbyseveralthousandperyear.Between8000B.CandA.D1750,globalpopulationincreas

4、edfromapproximately5millionto800million.Whatcausedtheburstofpopulationgrowtharound8000B.C?scientistspointtotheagriculturalrevolution,whichisthetimewhenhumanbeingsfirstdomesticatedplantsandraisinganimalsnolongerreliedentirelyonhuntingandgathering.Secondpe

5、riod.Fornearly10,000yearsaftertheagriculturalrevolution,theworldpopulationgrewatafairlysteadypace.AfteraboutA.D1750,theworld’spopulationsuddenlybegantogrowtentimesfasterthaninthepast.Theaverageannualincreasejumpedfromseveralthousandintheearlyeighteenthce

6、nturytoseveralhundredthousandinthelateeighteenthcentury.Globalpopulationrosefromapproximately800millionin1750to2.5billionin1950,anaverageannualincreaseof0.6percentperyear.Thesecondspurtintherateofpopulationincreaseresultedfromtheindustrialrevolution.Thei

7、ndustrialrevolutioninvolvedaseriesofimprovementsinindustrialtechnologythattransformedtheprocessofmanufacturinggoods.Theresultofthisindustrialtransformationwastheproductionofunprecedentedlevelsofwealth,someofwhichwasusedtomakethecommunityahealthierplaceto

8、live.Thirdperiod.ThethirddramaticincreaseinglobalpopulationbeganafterWorldWarllinabout1950.Theaverageannualpopulationincreasejumpedfromapproximately0.5percentearlyinthetwentiethcenturytonearly2percentbythemiddleofthetwenti