Chapter 3-1(A) The second Law of thermodynamics(part 1).ppt

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1、Chapter3TheSecondLawofThermodynamics上一内容下一内容回主目录返回不可能把热从低温物体传到高温物体，而不引起其它变化Chapter3TheSecondLawofThermodynamics2.1Spontaneousprocessanditscharacteristic2.2Thesecondlawofthermodynamics2.3Carnotcycle2.4Entropyandtheentropygrowthprinciple2.5Calculatingtheentropychangefortheprocessofsingle(sim

2、ple)pVTchange2.6Theentropyofphasetransition2.7Thethirdlawofthermodynamicsandthecalculationofentropychangeforchemicalreaction2.8TheHelmholtzenergy(function)andGibbsfreeenergy(function)2.9Thefundamentalequationsofthermodynamics2.10Theclapeyronequation2.11TheGibbs——HelmholtzequationandTheMaxwel

3、lrelationsChapter3TheSecondLawofThermodynamics3.1Spontaneousprocessanditscharacteristic上一内容下一内容回主目录返回TheFirstlawofthermodynamicsledtointroductionoftheinternalenergy,U,andstates：Thatenergyisconservedinanyprocess.Thatis,thetotalenergyofanisolatedsystemisconstant.ΔU=Q+W.Thekindofenergyexchangeb

4、etweenthesystemandsurroundings,heatandwork,andthequantitativerelationbetweenthem.Thatletusassesswhetherachangeispermissible:onlythosechangesmanyoccursforwhichtheinternalenergyofanisolatedsystemremainsconstant.Chapter3TheSecondLawofThermodynamics3.1SpontaneousprocessanditscharacteristicThatFi

5、rstlawofthermodynamics,however,can’ttellusthedirectionofthosepermissiblechanges.TheprocesseswhichhappeninthenatureareallobedienttotheFirstlaw,butallprocessesinwhichenergyisconservedcan’toccur.Forexample:①workheat②potentialenergyheat③hightemperatureobjectlowtemperatureobject④diffusionprocess⑤

6、Zn+CuSO4→Cu+ZnSO4Q100%100%Chapter3TheSecondLawofThermodynamics3.1Spontaneousprocessanditscharacteristic⑥heatwork?⑦lowtemperatureobjecthightemperatureobject?⑧heatinganobjectpotentialenergy？100%QBut⑨Canthereversibleprocessofdiffusionprocessoccur?⑩Cu+ZnSO4→Zn+CuSO4?The⑥,⑦,⑧,⑨and⑩processesmentio

7、nedabovefollowstheFirstlawofthermodynamics,butnoneoftheseprocesseshappensspontaneously.Chapter3TheSecondLawofThermodynamics3.1SpontaneousprocessanditscharacteristicThecharacteristicsofspontaneousprocessisitsirreversibility.Anyspontaneousprocessisir