Part Four.ppt

《Part Four.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、PartFourTheRenaissanceI.BackgroundThe16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupoffeudalrelationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationofcapitalism.a.EnclosureMovementBritainchangedfromanexporterofwooltoamanufacturerofcloth.TheincreasingdemandforwoolresultedintheEnclosureMovement.Peasantswer

2、edrivenofftheirlandstotownsandbecameworkersatlowwages.TheyweretheforefathersofthemodernEnglishproletariat.PartFourTheRenaissanceItwasatimewhen“sheepdevouredmen.”b.AbsoluteMonarchyKingHenryVIII(reigned1509-1547)brokeoffwithPope,dissolvedallthemonasteriesandabbeysinthecountry,confiscatedthe

3、irlandsandproclaimedhimselfheadoftheChurchofEngland(英国国教）.PartFourTheRenaissancec.TheclassofbourgeoisieHenryVIIIpolicyfoundsupportamongtherichtown-folk—themerchantsandhandicraftsmenwhoweredevelopingintoanewclass—theclassofbourgeoisie.Therapidgrowthoftradeandtheformationofthenationalmarket

4、demandedpoliticalcentralizationandconsolidationofmonarchy.TheabsolutemonarchyreacheditssummitduringthereignofQueenElizabeth.(reignedfrom1558-1603)PartFourTheRenaissanceII.TheRenaissanceNewsocialandeconomicconditionsbroughtaboutgreatchangesinthedevelopmentofscienceandart.Theriseofthebourge

5、oisieresultedinanintellectualmovementbetterknownastheRenaissance.a.ItfirststartedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandflourishedinFrance,Germany,SpainandEnglandinthe15thand16thcenturies.PartFourTheRenaissanceb.ThetermRenaissanceoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassical(GreekandRoman)artsandsciencesafte

6、rthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism.PeoplebecameinterestedinclassicalliteratureandmanyGreekandLatinworksweretranslatedintoEnglish.Theseclassicalworksactedasmodelsofliteraryforms.PartFourTheRenaissancec.Themostimportantcharacteristicsofthismovementistheexaltationofmanandanabsorptioninearthl

7、ylife.PeoplewerenolongerinterestedinlivingforGodandinlifeafterdeath.→HumanismPartFourTheRenaissanced.Humanismisa19th-centurytermforthevaluesandidealsoftheEuropeanRenaissance,whichreflectedtheoutlookoftherisingbourgeoisie.Itplacedanewemphasisontheexpanseofhumancapaci