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页数:16页
时间:2020-01-14
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1、PartFourTheRenaissanceI.BackgroundThe16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupoffeudalrelationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationofcapitalism.a.EnclosureMovementBritainchangedfromanexporterofwooltoamanufacturerofcloth.TheincreasingdemandforwoolresultedintheEnclosureMovement.Peasantswer
2、edrivenofftheirlandstotownsandbecameworkersatlowwages.TheyweretheforefathersofthemodernEnglishproletariat.PartFourTheRenaissanceItwasatimewhen“sheepdevouredmen.”b.AbsoluteMonarchyKingHenryVIII(reigned1509-1547)brokeoffwithPope,dissolvedallthemonasteriesandabbeysinthecountry,confiscatedthe
3、irlandsandproclaimedhimselfheadoftheChurchofEngland(英国国教).PartFourTheRenaissancec.TheclassofbourgeoisieHenryVIIIpolicyfoundsupportamongtherichtown-folk—themerchantsandhandicraftsmenwhoweredevelopingintoanewclass—theclassofbourgeoisie.Therapidgrowthoftradeandtheformationofthenationalmarket
4、demandedpoliticalcentralizationandconsolidationofmonarchy.TheabsolutemonarchyreacheditssummitduringthereignofQueenElizabeth.(reignedfrom1558-1603)PartFourTheRenaissanceII.TheRenaissanceNewsocialandeconomicconditionsbroughtaboutgreatchangesinthedevelopmentofscienceandart.Theriseofthebourge
5、oisieresultedinanintellectualmovementbetterknownastheRenaissance.a.ItfirststartedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandflourishedinFrance,Germany,SpainandEnglandinthe15thand16thcenturies.PartFourTheRenaissanceb.ThetermRenaissanceoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassical(GreekandRoman)artsandsciencesafte
6、rthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism.PeoplebecameinterestedinclassicalliteratureandmanyGreekandLatinworksweretranslatedintoEnglish.Theseclassicalworksactedasmodelsofliteraryforms.PartFourTheRenaissancec.Themostimportantcharacteristicsofthismovementistheexaltationofmanandanabsorptioninearthl
7、ylife.PeoplewerenolongerinterestedinlivingforGodandinlifeafterdeath.→HumanismPartFourTheRenaissanced.Humanismisa19th-centurytermforthevaluesandidealsoftheEuropeanRenaissance,whichreflectedtheoutlookoftherisingbourgeoisie.Itplacedanewemphasisontheexpanseofhumancapaci
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