中国高级英语学习者对反义关系的习得.ppt

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1、中国高级英语学习者对反义关系的习得山东大学外国语学院王勇摘要根据国外研究者对反义关系典型性的研究，本文作者设计了一套76对反义词对，对山东某大学英语专业三年级学生和美国某高校的本族语者进行了反义关系典型性判断的测试，并将测试结果进行对比，以期找出中国高级英语学习者在反义关系习得方面的规律，并对结果做出解释。实验结果表明，中国高级英语学习者在部分反义词对的判断上与英语本族语者有着显著差异，这些显著差异在典型性反义词和一般性反义词中均有反映，其原因较为复杂，包括但不限于反义词对的共现频率、语义范围以及概念对立

2、性；其中反义词对的共现频率及MI值对于中国高级英语学习者及英语本族语者的反义词对典型性判断测试具有最强烈的影响。同时，对某些反义词对进行了案例研究，深入探讨了上述因素对于反义词对典型性判断的影响。Canonicityofantonymouspairs反义词对的典型性“Languageuserscanintuitivelysort‘good’(orprototypical)antonymsfromnot-so-goodonesanddownrightbadones”(Murphy,2003:11).This

3、isoftenreferredtoasthe‘clangphenomenon’–atermusedtodescribethereactiontothosepairsthatintuitivelystrikethehearerasbeinggood‘opposites’(CharlesandMiller,1989;Muehleisen,1997).Thefollowingworkingdefinitionofcanonicalantonymsisadoptedinthisthesis:Canonicityo

4、fantonymouspairs反义词对的典型性Canonicalantonymsarepairsofwordsinbinarysemanticoppositionassociatedbyconventionaswellasbysemanticrelatedness(e.g.wide/narrow).Thenotionofcanonicalantonymyisdifferentfromsemanticoppositioninwhichthemeaningsareincompatible,butthewor

5、dsarenotnecessarilyconventionallypaired(e.g.cold/scorching,calm/nervous).antonymouspairs反义词对的选择Theantonymouspairsusedinthecanonicityjudgmenttaskaremainlytakenfromtwosources:thatofDeese(1964)andSabourin(1998).Deese(1964:347-57)pickedfromthedatafromthepsych

6、olinguisticelicitationtestsfortywordpairswhichheconsideredamongthemostimportantinEnglish.JustesonandKatzusedtheseantonymsintheirresearchandregardedthemas“historicallyimportant”(1991:142).However,sinceDeese’sworkwasconductedbeforeaccesstocorporawaspossible

7、,itwasbasedentirelyontheresultsofwordassociationtests.Deesechose278adjectivesandusedthemtoelicitresponsefrom100informants.Whenapairofcontrastwordssuccessfullyelicitedoneanothermorethananyotherword,theywereaddedtothelistofantonymouspairs,whichultimatelynum

8、beredforty.Antonymcanonicityjudgmenttest反义词对典型性测试AntonymouspairslistTowhatextentcanthefollowingwordpairsberegardedas“perfect”antonyms?Pleaseratethemaccordingtoyourintuition,circlinganumberonthe10-pointscalefollowing