一词多义 polysemy.ppt

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1、ChapterVIPolysemyandHomonymy1.Polysemy2.Homonymy3.TheStylisticValueofPolysemyandHomonymyPolysemy1.Definition2.ThecausesofpolysemyinEnglish3.Polysemicwords4.Twoapproachestopolysemy5.TwoprocessesleadingtopolysemyDefinitionAtermusedinsemanticanalysistorefertoalexicalitemw

2、hichhasarangeofdifferentmeanings.ThecausesofpolysemyinEnglish1.MostEnglishwordsareconventional,arbitrarysymbols,itmaysometimeshappenthatmorethanonemeaningisattachedtoaword.2.Inordertoexpressnewideas,newprocesses,newproducts,andsoforth.3.Toachievelanguage'seconomyandeff

3、iciency.4.Tohaveaffectiveandstylisticmeaningforeachindividualsense.1.Shiftinapplication使用范围的转移e.g.sharp(刀具)尖利的→(言语)苛刻的→(行动)直接了当的→(感觉)剧烈的→(智力)敏捷的2.Mutualtransformationbetweencommonwordsandspecializedwords(专业词汇和单词之间呢的总体改造)e.g.window(窗户)在计算机英语中指“视窗”(视频显示器的荧屏)3.Polysemyres

4、ultingfromthefigurativeuseofwords(由于修辞用法而产生多义)e.g.My15studentsreadEmersonandThoreau.这是典型的转喻，以人名借代作品。4.Foreigninfluence(外来词的影响)PolysemicwordsManywordsinEnglish,especiallythesimplewords,havenotonlyseveral,butattimesalargenumberofmeanings.e.g.hand1.thepartofthebodyattheen

5、dofthearm2.usingthehandornumberofhandsmentioned3.helpindoingsth4.thepartorrolethatsb/sthplaysinaparticularsituation5.apartofaclockorwatchthatpointstothenumber6.apersonwhodoesphysicalworkonafarmorafactory7.asailoronaship8.byapersonratherthanamachine9.aparticularstyleofw

6、riting10.aunitformeasuringtheheightofahorse,equalto4inchesor10.16centimetres......oxygenachemicalelement.Oxygenisagasthatispresentinairandwaterandisnecessaryforpeople,animalandplantstolive.氧，氧气TwoapproachestopolysemyA.DiachronicB.SynchronicDiachronicVerticalapproachHow

7、thesemanticstructureofawordhasdevelopedfromaprimary(original)meaningtothepresent(derived)polysemicstate.Diachronicmainlyfocusesonthegrowthorchangeinthesemanticstructureofaword.SynchronicHorizontalapproachComparativevalueofindividualmeaningsandtheinterrelationbetweenthe

8、centralmeaningandsecondarymeanings.Face1.Thefrontpartofthehead脸，面部2.Anexpressiononsomeone'sface面部表情，脸色3.Steep,highsid