Chap4 Growth and Metabolism.ppt

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1、Chap4.GrowthandMetabolismTerminology1.Growth–Irreversibleincreaseinsize2.Development:Morphogenesis-MorphologicalandanatomicaldevelopmentDifferentiation-Physiologicalandbiochemicalspecializationofplanttissues3.Metabolism:SynthesisanddegradationoforganiccompoundsAnabolism-synthesisCatabol

2、ism-degradationMajorChemicalProcessesofPlants1.PhotosynthesisChlorophyll12H2O+6CO2+Light--------------►C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O(Water)(Carbondioxide)(Energy)Chloroplast(Carbohydrate)(Oxygen)(Water)2.Metabolism(Enzyme)C6H12O6+Mineral--------------►VariousOrganicCompounds(Carbohydrate)(Fertilizer

3、)(Cytoplasm)(Protein,fats,starch,hormones,etc.)3.Respiration(Enzyme)OrganicCompds+O2--------------►CO2+H2O+Energy+Mineral(Substrates,(Oxygen)(Mitochondria)(ATP)(Inorganic)Energysource)Theenergyreleasedfromrespirationisusedforgrowthanddevelopmentofplants1.LightphaseofphotosynthesisPhotol

4、ysis–CleavageofwaterintohydrogenandoxygenbylighteneryPhotophosphorylationConversionofADPtoATPbylightenergySum:ConversionoflightenergytochemicalenergyADPATPe-H2OO2H+e-NADPNADPH2(HillReaction)ATPADPEnergyNADPH+NADPH2(Reducingpower)usedinmanyenergytransferprocessofthecellIII.Photosynthesis

5、2.DarkPhaseofPhotosynthesisCalvinCycle123PGAC3CalvinCycle6CO212DiphosphoglycerideC312Glyceraldehyde–3pC36RuBPC5Glyceraldehyde3-P12ATP12ADP+12Pi12NADPH212NADP23P6AC3FructoseC6GlucoseC6C12(C6)nSucrosestarchC36Pi+6ADP6ATPAseriesofenzymaticallymediatedreactionsinwhichCO2reducedto3-phosphogl

6、yceraldehyde(3PGA)andtheCO2receptor(Ribulosebiphosphate:RUBP)isgeneratedNetGain6CO2(6C)+12H2O+lightC6H12O6(C6)+6O2+6H2O3.TwoDifferentCO2PathwaysC3PathwayC3Plants(manydicots:soybean,tomato,apple,etc.)The1stproductofCO2fixationisC3acidsOnlytheCalvinCycleoperatesPhotorespirationexistsCO2+R

7、uBP(C5)C3Acids(3PGA)RuBPCarboxylaseCalvincycleFructoseGlucoseStarchC4PathwayC4Plants(Tropicalgrass,corn,sugarcane,somedicotslikeamaranth,Atriplex)The1stproductofCO2fixationisC4acidsBothC4pathwayandCalvincycleoperateLacksphotorespirationCO2+PEP(C3)C4acids(OxaloacetateC4)PEPCarbo