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1、高中英语主动表被动结构1.表示状态特征的系动词如smell,taste,feel,sound,look,prove等用主动语态表示被动意义。e.g.Theice-creamssmellsweet.Suchkindofclothfeelssoft.Thenewsprovedtobetrue.2.动词sell,write,read,open,lock,shut,wear,wash,keep,cook,cut,burn,run等与well,smoothly,easily,slowly,quickly,perf
2、ectly,badly等副词连用时,或与can’t,won’t等连用,说明主语的固有属性或内在的“性能”“特点”,用主动代替被动。e.g.1)Thiskindofbooksellswell.比较:Thiskindofbookhasbeensoldout.2)Hisshirtswasheasily.比较:Hisshirtarewashedbyhiswife.Theclothwasheswell.这种布料好洗。Thebooksellsquickly.这书销售得快。Thischeesedoesn’tcutea
3、sily.It’stoosoft.这乳酪不容易切,太软了。Thisshirtwillwearverylong.这衬衫可以穿很久。Theseplaysactwonderfully.这些剧演得好。Kate‘sbookreadslikeaninterestingnovel.凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。Thedoorwon’tshut.这门关不上。Thesupermarketdoorsshutautomatically.超级市场的门是自动关的。3.不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态:takeplace
4、,happen,comeup,runout(用完),giveout(耗尽),goout(熄灭),comeout(出版),cometolight,belongto,breakout,loseheart,dieout,own,have,possess,happen,occur等。e.g.Theoilisrunningout.Theaccidenthappendbychance.4.当want,require,need,deserve,beworth后接doing作宾语e.g.花儿需要浇水了。Theflowe
5、rswantwatering.Thebookisworthreading.Theoldbuildingrequiresrepairing.Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter(=needtobelookedafter)carefully.Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).5.不定式tolet(出租),toblame(该受责备)toseek表示被动意义。e.g.这栋楼正待出租。Thebuilding
6、istoletnow.Heistoblamefortheaccident。Thetruthisnotfartoseek。6、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词+不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如difficult,easy,comfortable,convenient,hard,cheap,expensive等,不定式用主动表被动。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theworkiseasytodo.Ifo
7、undthecarcomfortabletoridein.Thatmakespoetrydifficulttowrite.7.不定式作后置定语修饰前面的名词,且为动宾关系,用主动形式表被动含义。e.g.Ihaveameetingtoattend.恐怕我不能参加今晚的聚会了,因为我还有很多作业要做。I’mafraidIcan’ttakepartinthepartytonight,asIstillhavelotsofhomeworktodo.Ihavesomeletterstowrite.我有一些信要写。I
8、wantsomethingtodrink.我想喝点什么。Iwanttogetsomethingtoread.我想找点东西阅读。【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式,比较:Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)但有时含义有差别(不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了forsb,用被动式可视为其后省略了bysb)