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1、Thermalphysicsinstructor：葛大勇热学Bilingualeducation：1教材及教学参考书:1、《热学》，秦允豪，高等教育出版社，2004年第二版；2、《热学》，李椿章立源钱尚武，高等教育出版社，1979年第一版；3、《热学》，赵凯华罗蔚茵，高等教育出版社，1998第一版；4、《ThermalPhysics》,C.B.P.Finn,Routledge&KeganPaulplc,1986；5、《physics》,Jones/Childers,McGraw-HillCompanies,
2、Inc,2001。21.1.1theobjectandmethodthatthermalphysicsinvestigateThermalphysicsisthesciencethatconcerningthethermalmovinginmaterialandtheregulationcontactwithheat.Itlearnswithmechanics,electromagnetismandtheopticsbecalledphysicalfourgreatestpillarsinclassicph
3、ysicsChapter1Introduction3Thermalphysicsinvestigateisasystemthatconstitutedbyalargenumbersofparticles.Forexample:onemoleofmaterialincludesmolecules,supposingasupermantobirthwithcosmosatthesametime,hecancount10moleculeseverysecond,sountilnowafter16billionye
4、ars,hejustcountedonlymolmolecules(oneyear=second).4thermalphysicshastwodifferentkindsofdescribemethods:macroscopicandmicroscopic.Fromobserveandexperimentsummarycomeoutwiththethermalphenomenonregulation,constitutemacroscopictheoriesofthethermalphenomenal,be
5、calledthethermodynamics.Statisticalphysicsisthemicroscopicmethodtothermalphysics.51.1.2ThedevelopmenthistoryofthermalphysicsIntheancientGreece:(500B.C.)(1)Pythagoras:Thefireisanindependentandessentialelementofthenature(samewith“fiveelementssay”)(2)Plato:Th
6、efireisakindofathleticmanifestationAtthebeginningof18centuries,hasthecalorictheorysaysThemiddleof18centuries,thefirstlawofthermodynamics:Theconservationlawofenergy;Thesecondlawofthermodynamics:Concerningthethermalprocessisirreversible.19centuries,thekineti
7、ctheoryofgases:heatisperformancethatmoleculesport.thekinetictheoryofgasesstatisticsmechanics(applytothermalradiation)quantum,developmentquantummechanicsat1926.6伽利略温度计16世纪(明)从钻木取火到商周的青铜器7瓦特早期蒸气机81807年91823年101892年111.2Equilibriumstateofthermodynamicssystem1
8、.2.1equilibriumstateForinstance:supposeanairproofcontainerisdividedintotwofractionsAandB,thereisidealgasinA(thepressureisp0)andvacuuminB(seegraph).AB12Antherexample:whentwoobjectwhichhavedifferenttemperaturec
