英语短文

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1、Knowledgeandprogress知识和进步Whydoestheideaofprogressloomsolargeinthemodernworld?Surelybecauseprogressofaparticularkindisactuallytakingplacearoundusandisbecomingmoreandmoremanifest．Althoughmankindhasundergonenogeneralimprovementinintelligenceormorality,ithasmadeextraordinaryprogressintheaccumu

2、lationofknowledge．Knowledgebegantoincreaseassoonasthethoughtsofoneindividualcouldbecommunicatedtoanotherbymeansofspeech．Withtheinventionofwriting,agreatadvancewasmade,forknowledgecouldthenbenotonlycommunicatedbutalsostored．Librariesmadeeducationpossible,andeducationinitsturnaddedtolibrarie

3、s:thegrowthofknowledgefollowedakindofcompound-interestlaw,whichwasgreatlyenhancedbytheinventionofprinting．Allthiswascomparativelyslowuntil,withthecomingofscience,thetempowassuddenlyraised．Thenknowledgebegantobeaccumulatedaccordingtoasystematicplan．Thetricklebecameastream;thestreamhasnowbec

4、omeatorrent．Moreover,assoonasnewknowledgeisacquired,itisnowturnedtopracticalaccount．Whatiscalled‘moderncivilization’isnottheresultofabalanceddevelopmentofallman'snature,butofaccumulatedknowledgeappliedtopracticallife．Theproblemnowfacinghumanityis:Whatisgoingtobedonewithallthisknowledge?Asi

5、ssooftenpointedout,knowledgeisatwo-edgedweaponwhichcanbeusedequallyforgoodorevil．Itisnowbeingusedindifferentlyforboth．Couldanyspectacle,forinstance,bemoregrimlywhimsicalthanthatofgunnersusingsciencetoshattermen'sbodieswhile,closeathand,surgeonsuseittorestorethem?Wehavetoaskourselvesveryser

6、iouslywhatwillhappenifthistwofolduseofknowledge,withitsever-increasingpower,continues.恨别杜甫洛城一别四千里，胡骑长驱五六年。草木变衰行剑外，兵戈阻绝老江边。思家步月清宵立，忆弟看云白日眠。闻道河阳近乘胜，司徒急为破幽燕。《恨别》是唐代诗人杜甫上元元年（760）在成都写的一首七言律诗，抒发了杜甫流落他乡的感慨和对故园、骨肉的怀念，表达了杜甫希望早日平定叛乱的爱国思想。全诗情真语挚，沉郁顿挫，扣人心弦。首联领起“恨别”，点明思家、忧国的题旨。“四千里”，恨离家之远;“五六年”，伤战乱之久。个

7、人的困苦经历，国家的艰难遭遇，都在这些数量词中体现出来。诗人于759年(乾元二年)春告别了故乡洛阳，返回华州司功参军任所，不久弃官客居秦州、同谷，后来到了成都，辗转四千里。诗人写此诗时，距700年(天宝十四年)十一月安史之乱爆发已五六个年头。在这几年中，叛军铁蹄蹂躏中原各地，生灵涂炭，血流成河，这是诗人深为忧虑的事。　　颔联两句描述诗人流落蜀中的情况。“草木变衰”，语出宋玉《九辩》中的“萧瑟兮草木摇落而变衰”。这里是指草木的盛衰变易，承上句的“五六年”，暗示入蜀已有多年，同时也与下一句的“老”相呼应，暗比诗人自己的