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1、三、概括词汇类(2016·江苏)AnExtensionoftheHumanBrainOtherpeoplecanhelpuspensateforourmentalandemotionaldeficiencies(欠缺)，muchasawoodenlegcanpensateforaphysicaldeficiency.Tobeexact，otherpeoplecanextendourintelligenceandhelpusunderstandandadjustouremotions.Whenanotherpersonhelpsusinsuchways，heorsheispartic

2、ipatinginwhatI’vecalleda“socialprosthetic(义肢的)system.”Suchsystemsdonotneedtooperateface-to-face，andit’scleartomethattheInternetisexpandingtherangeofmyownsocialprostheticsystems.It’salreadyabigbankofmanyminds.Eveninitscurrentstate，theInternethasextendedmymemoryandjudgment.Regardingmemory:OnceIl

3、ookupsomethingontheInternet，Idon’tneedtokeepallthedetailsforfutureuse—Iknowwheretofindthatinformationagainandcanquicklyandeasilydoso.Moregenerally，theInternetfunctionsasifitweremymemory.ThisfunctionoftheInternetisparticularlystrikingwhenI’mwriting;I’mnolongerfortablewritingifI’mnotconnectedtot

4、heInternet.It’sbeenaturaltocheckfactsasIwrite，takingaminuteortwotodipintoPubMed，Wikipedia，orotherwebsites.Regardingjudgment:TheInternethasmademesmarterinmatterssmallandlarge.Forexample，whenI’mwritingatextbook，ithasbeesecondnaturetocheckadozendefinitionsofakeyterm，whichhelpsmedigintothecoreandu

5、nderstanditsmeaning.Butmorethanthat，Inowregularlyparemyviewswiththoseofmanyothers.IfIhavea“newidea，”Inowquicklylooktoseewhethersomebodyelsehasalreadythoughtofit，orsomethingsimilar—andIthenparewhatIthinkwithwhatothershavethought.Thiscertainlymakesmyownviewsclearer.Moreover，Icanfindoutwhethermyr

6、eactionstoaneventarereasonableenoughbyreadingaboutthoseofothersontheInternet.TheseeffectsoftheInternethavebeeevenmorestrikingsinceI’vebegunusingasmartphone.Inowregularlypulloutmyphonetocheckafact，watchavideo，readweibo.Suchactivitiesfillthespacesthatusedtobedeadtime(suchaswaitingforsomebodytoar

7、riveforalunchmeeting)．Butthat’stheupside(好处)．ThedownsideisthatinthosedeadperiodsIoftenwouldletmythoughtsflowandsometimeswouldhaveanunexpectedinsightoridea.Thoseopportunitiesarenowfewerandfartherbetween.AnExtensionoftheHumanBrainAprosthe