材料导论词汇)

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1、Chapter1IntroductionReadthetextbook(P3)andanswerthefollowingquestion：Whatisthephenomenon?Andwhy?Youshouldbeabletodothefollowing:LListsixdifferentpropertyclassificationsofmaterialsthatdeterminetheirapplicability*2.Citethefourcomponentsthatareinvolvedinthe

2、design,production,andutilizationofmaterials,andbrieflydescribetheinterrelationshipsbetweenthesecomponents.3.Citethreecriteriathatareimportantinthematerialsselectionprocess.4.(a)Listthethreeprimaryclassificationsofsolidmaterials,andthencitethedistinctivec

3、hemicalfeatureofeach.(b)Notetheotherthreetypesofmaterialsand,foreach,itsdistinctivefeature(s).Chapter2InteratomicBonding“Covalentbond共价键1Makesureyouunderstandconcepts:Aprimaryinteratomicbondthatisformedbythesharingofelectronsbetweenneighboringatoms.“Dipo

4、le(electric)偶极Apairofequalyetoppositeelectricalchargesthatareseparatedbyasmalldistance.“Hydrogenbond氢键Astrongsecondaryinteratomicbondthatexistsbetweenaboundhydrogenatom(itsunscreenedproton)andthelectronsofadjacentatoms.“Ionicbond离子键Acoulombicinteratomicb

5、ondthatexistsbetweentwodjacentandoppositelychargedions.Metallicbond金属Aprimaryinteratomicbondinvolvingthenondirectionalsharingofnonlocalizedvalenceelectrons("seaofelectronsM)thataremutuallysharedbyalltheatomsinthemetallicsolid・“Polarmolecule极'性分子Amolecule

6、inwhichthereexistsapermanentelectricdipolemomentbyvirtueoftheasymmetricaldistributionofpositivelyandnegativelychargedregions.“Primarybonding主价键Interatomicbondsthatarerelativelystrongandforwhichbondingenergiesarerelativelylarge.Primarybondingtypesareionic

7、,covalent,andmetallic.“Secondarybonding次价键Interatomicandintermolecularbondsthatarerelativelyweakandforwhichbondingenergiesarerelativelysmall.Normallyatomicormoleculardipolesareinvolved・SecondarybondingtypesarevanderWaalsandhydrogen.“VanderWaalsbond范德华键As

8、econdaryinteratomicbondbetweenadjacentmoleculardipoles,whichmaybepermanentorinduced.“Valenceelectron价电子Theelectronsintheoutermostoccupiedelectronshell,whichparticipateininteratomicbonding.2youshouldbeabletodothefollowing:(