材料导论词汇

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1、Chapter1IntroductionReadthetextbook(P3)andanswerthefollowingquestion：Whatisthephenomenon?Andwhy?Youshouldbeabletodothefollowing:LListsixdifferentpropertyclassificationsofmaterialsthatdeterminetheirapplicability*2.Citethefourcomponentsthatareinvolvedinthedesign,production,

2、andutilizationofmaterials,andbrieflydescribetheinterrelationshipsbetweenthesecomponents.3.Citethreecriteriathatareimportantinthematerialsselectionprocess.4.(a)Listthethreeprimaryclassificationsofsolidmaterials,andthencitethedistinctivechemicalfeatureofeach.(b)Notetheother

3、threetypesofmaterialsand,foreach,itsdistinctivefeature(s).Chapter2InteratomicBonding“Covalentbond共价键1Makesureyouunderstandconcepts:Aprimaryinteratomicbondthatisformedbythesharingofelectronsbetweenneighboringatoms.“Dipole(electric)偶极Apairofequalyetoppositeelectricalcharges

4、thatareseparatedbyasmalldistance.“Hydrogenbond氢键Astrongsecondaryinteratomicbondthatexistsbetweenaboundhydrogenatom(itsunscreenedproton)andthelectronsofadjacentatoms.“Ionicbond离子键Acoulombicinteratomicbondthatexistsbetweentwodjacentandoppositelychargedions.Metallicbond金属Apr

5、imaryinteratomicbondinvolvingthenondirectionalsharingofnonlocalizedvalenceelectrons("seaofelectronsM)thataremutuallysharedbyalltheatomsinthemetallicsolid・“Polarmolecule极'性分子Amoleculeinwhichthereexistsapermanentelectricdipolemomentbyvirtueoftheasymmetricaldistributionofpos

6、itivelyandnegativelychargedregions.“Primarybonding主价键Interatomicbondsthatarerelativelystrongandforwhichbondingenergiesarerelativelylarge.Primarybondingtypesareionic,covalent,andmetallic.“Secondarybonding次价键Interatomicandintermolecularbondsthatarerelativelyweakandforwhichb

7、ondingenergiesarerelativelysmall.Normallyatomicormoleculardipolesareinvolved・SecondarybondingtypesarevanderWaalsandhydrogen.“VanderWaalsbond范德华键Asecondaryinteratomicbondbetweenadjacentmoleculardipoles,whichmaybepermanentorinduced.“Valenceelectron价电子Theelectronsintheouterm

8、ostoccupiedelectronshell,whichparticipateininteratomicbonding.2youshouldbeabletodothefollowing:(