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1、SurveyofGreatBritainnWhatisthedifferencebetweenBritishIsles(不列颠群岛),(Great)Britain,UnitedKingdomandEngland?Thesetermsarefamiliar,butpuzzlingtousChinese.nTheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands:OneisBritainandtheotherIreland.Britain,orGreatBritain,isthelargerofthetwoislands,andisdi
2、videdintothreeparts:England,ScotlandandWales.nTheUnitedKingdom(UK)istheshortfortheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.UKconsistsofScotland,WalesandEngland(i.e.thewholeofBritain),andalsoaboutone-sixthofIreland,i.e.,theNorthernIreland.TherestofIrelandisself-governing.Part1G
3、eographyChapter1PhysicalGeographynSituatedinNorthwesternEuropenLyingtothenorthofFranceandwestofBelgium,theNetherlandsandDenmarknConsistsofEngland,Scotland,Wales,andNorthernIrelandnTotalarea:242534sq.km.I．Topography1．Topography---ScotlandnNorth:ScottishHighland,Mountainous.nTheGramp
4、ianRangesliesinthehighlands;nBenNevis(1,343m)isthehighestpeakinBritain;nMiddle:MidlandValley,lowerhillsandrollingcountrydrainedbyClydeandForthRiversnSouth:Uplands---containsbroad,roundedhillsnCapitalCity:Edinburgh2．Topography---EnglandnNorth:Uplandscontinue---thePennines(thebackbon
5、eofEngland)nNorthwest:theLakeDistrict---valleysandlakesnEasternandsouthcentral:mainlyanopencultivatedplain,lowlandsnSouth:Peninsula,uplands,scarps,cliffsnLondon(capital),Manchester,BirminghamandLiverpoolarethemajorcities.3．Topography---Walesnamountainousareawithhillsrisingsteeplyfr
6、omtheseaandwithflattopsn6%ofWalesiscoveredwithforestandmuchofthecountryispasture,withonly12%oftheareaarable.nThecapitalcityisCardiff.4．Topography---NorthernIrelandnNorth:abroadplateau(AntrimMts,SperrinMts.),coast(Giant’sCauseway)nSouth:Mountains(MourneMts.)nTheLoughNeaghhereisthela
7、rgestlakeinBritain.nBelfastisthecapitalcity.II．ClimatenMilder:moderatedbyAtlanticGulfStreamnRain:inBritaineverymonthØfavorablemaritimeclimatewintersmild,nottoocold；summerscool,nottoohotsteadyreliablerainfall；smallrangeoftemperatureØaverageinwinter4°C–6°C；averageinsummer12°C–17°CIII
8、．RiversandLakesnMainrivers
