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1、SurveyofGreatBritainnWhatisthedifferencebetweenBritishIsles(不列颠群岛),(Great)Britain,UnitedKingdomandEngland?Thesetermsarefamiliar,butpuzzlingtousChinese.nTheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands:OneisBritainandtheotherIreland.Britain,orGreatBritain,isthelargerofthetwoislands,andisdiv
2、idedintothreeparts:England,ScotlandandWales.nTheUnitedKingdom(UK)istheshortfortheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.UKconsistsofScotland,WalesandEngland(i.e.thewholeofBritain),andalsoaboutone-sixthofIreland,i.e.,theNorthernIreland.TherestofIrelandisself-governing.Part1Geo
3、graphyChapter1PhysicalGeographynSituatedinNorthwesternEuropenLyingtothenorthofFranceandwestofBelgium,theNetherlandsandDenmarknConsistsofEngland,Scotland,Wales,andNorthernIrelandnTotalarea:242534sq.km.I．Topography1．Topography---ScotlandnNorth:ScottishHighland,Mountainous.nTheGrampian
4、Rangesliesinthehighlands;nBenNevis(1,343m)isthehighestpeakinBritain;nMiddle:MidlandValley,lowerhillsandrollingcountrydrainedbyClydeandForthRiversnSouth:Uplands---containsbroad,roundedhillsnCapitalCity:Edinburgh2．Topography---EnglandnNorth:Uplandscontinue---thePennines(thebackboneofE
5、ngland)nNorthwest:theLakeDistrict---valleysandlakesnEasternandsouthcentral:mainlyanopencultivatedplain,lowlandsnSouth:Peninsula,uplands,scarps,cliffsnLondon(capital),Manchester,BirminghamandLiverpoolarethemajorcities.3．Topography---Walesnamountainousareawithhillsrisingsteeplyfromthe
6、seaandwithflattopsn6%ofWalesiscoveredwithforestandmuchofthecountryispasture,withonly12%oftheareaarable.nThecapitalcityisCardiff.4．Topography---NorthernIrelandnNorth:abroadplateau(AntrimMts,SperrinMts.),coast(Giant’sCauseway)nSouth:Mountains(MourneMts.)nTheLoughNeaghhereisthelargestl
7、akeinBritain.nBelfastisthecapitalcity.II．ClimatenMilder:moderatedbyAtlanticGulfStreamnRain:inBritaineverymonthØfavorablemaritimeclimatewintersmild,nottoocold；summerscool,nottoohotsteadyreliablerainfall；smallrangeoftemperatureØaverageinwinter4°C–6°C；averageinsummer12°C–17°CIII．Rivers
8、andLakesnMainrivers
