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1、SurveyofGreatBritainnWhatisthedifferencebetweenBritishIsles(不列颠群岛),(Great)Britain,UnitedKingdomandEngland?Thesetermsarefamiliar,butpuzzlingtousChinese.nTheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands:OneisBritainandtheotherIreland.Britain,orGreatBritain,isthelarger
2、ofthetwoislands,andisdividedintothreeparts:England,ScotlandandWales.nTheUnitedKingdom(UK)istheshortfortheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.UKconsistsofScotland,WalesandEngland(i.e.thewholeofBritain),andalsoaboutone-sixthofIreland,i.e.,theNorthernI
3、reland.TherestofIrelandisself-governing.Part1GeographyChapter1PhysicalGeographynSituatedinNorthwesternEuropenLyingtothenorthofFranceandwestofBelgium,theNetherlandsandDenmarknConsistsofEngland,Scotland,Wales,andNorthernIrelandnTotalarea:242534sq.km.I．Topograph
4、y1．Topography---ScotlandnNorth:ScottishHighland,Mountainous.nTheGrampianRangesliesinthehighlands;nBenNevis(1,343m)isthehighestpeakinBritain;nMiddle:MidlandValley,lowerhillsandrollingcountrydrainedbyClydeandForthRiversnSouth:Uplands---containsbroad,roundedhill
5、snCapitalCity:Edinburgh2．Topography---EnglandnNorth:Uplandscontinue---thePennines(thebackboneofEngland)nNorthwest:theLakeDistrict---valleysandlakesnEasternandsouthcentral:mainlyanopencultivatedplain,lowlandsnSouth:Peninsula,uplands,scarps,cliffsnLondon(capita
6、l),Manchester,BirminghamandLiverpoolarethemajorcities.3．Topography---Walesnamountainousareawithhillsrisingsteeplyfromtheseaandwithflattopsn6%ofWalesiscoveredwithforestandmuchofthecountryispasture,withonly12%oftheareaarable.nThecapitalcityisCardiff.4．Topograph
7、y---NorthernIrelandnNorth:abroadplateau(AntrimMts,SperrinMts.),coast(Giant’sCauseway)nSouth:Mountains(MourneMts.)nTheLoughNeaghhereisthelargestlakeinBritain.nBelfastisthecapitalcity.39II．ClimatenMilder:moderatedbyAtlanticGulfStreamnRain:inBritaineverymonthØfa
8、vorablemaritimeclimatewintersmild,nottoocold；summerscool,nottoohotsteadyreliablerainfall；smallrangeoftemperatureØaverageinwinter4°C–6°C；averageinsummer12°C–17°CIII．RiversandLakesnMainrive
