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1、非谓语动词动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词。一、不定式:Itishardformetodothework.作主语Hewantstospeakatthemeeting.作宾语Ihavealotofworktodo.作定语Heaskedmetofinishitintime.作宾补Myjobistohelpthepatient.作表语Heistooyoungtogotoschool.作结果状语Weweresurprisedtofindhimthere.作原因状语Hespokeloudlytomakeherselfheard.
2、作目的状语Hewenttohishome,onlytofindhewasout.出乎意料的结果特点1)不定式短语做主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语,(例1)2)不定式作宾语,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾补之后,而用it作形式宾语,请看下句:IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.3)不定式作宾补,在feel,hear,listento,lookto,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语,不定式不带to,但这些句子变成被动结构就
3、必须带to.二、动名词:动名词形式由“动词+ing”构成,具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作主语,表语,宾语和定语。请看例句:1)Collectinginformation(收集信息)isveryimportanttobusinessmen.作主语2)Itisnousearguingwithhim.(与他争论)作主语3)Shefinishedreadingthebook(看完这本书)yesterday.作宾语4)Hehasareadingroom.(书房)作定语特点:1.在itisnouse/good,noanyuse/
4、good,useless等后须用动名词作主语,泛指抽象动作.2在finish,mind,enjoy,pactise,avoid,imagine,consider,feellike,keep,prevent,risk,suggest等词后,一定用动词的ing形式。3.在forget,goon,like,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,请看下列句型:1)我记得读过这本书.Irememberreadingthebook.(指过去的动作)Imustremembert
5、oreadthebook.(指将来的动作)2)我要设法提高我的英语口语。I’lltrytoimprovemyspokenEnglish.敲门没人答应,试着敲后门。Tryknockingatthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.3)不要讲话。Stoptalking.他停下来讲话。Hestoppedtotalk.4)我没打算伤害你。Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.错过这班车意味着再等一个小时。Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.4.
6、动名词和不定式结构在意义上区别:动名词形式表示一般习惯,抽象概念,或已成过去的动作,不定式表示的往往是具体的或特定的动作,也可表示现在或将来的动作。Playingwithfireisdangerous.(泛指玩火)Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.(指一具体动作)It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.指抽象动作Herealizedthattogoonlikethiswasnouse.具体动作Hehasforgottenseeingmebefore.指已成过去的动作Imustrememb
7、ertoremindJohnthatthegardenneedswatering指将来的动作三、分词:现在分词和过去分词1.分词的时态和语态。现在分词:1)有一般式和完成时,一般式即主句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。2)完成时(having+过去分词)表示的动作在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Whenhewasastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.Afterhehaddonehishomework,hewenttobed.
8、Havingdonehishomework,hewenttobed.3)当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时,分词用被动语态,如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作,就用动词完成时的被动形式。Thequestionwhichisbeingdiscussedi