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1、.1TransportationmodesModeTotalmodecostCostperpalletTransittimeAdvantagesDisadvantagesSea62024.87daysCheapandlargecapacitySlowandhighrisksAir12652534hoursFastandsecureExpensiveandfinitecapacityRail1275512daysFastandlargecapacityLessflexibleandneedrailroadDirectro
2、ad135067.53daysBetterforshippedandconvenientSmallcapacityandexpensiveMulti-mode118547.47days18hoursReducehandingofcargoandquickertransittimesCostofinvestmentishighTakeseaasanexample,becausetheshippingrequires25palletsandthetotalcostis620,thecostperpalletis620/25
3、=24.8.Inthesimilarway,otherresultalsocanbecalculated,excepttheMulti-mode.TheMulti-mode’costis1185including125,620,295,and145,thusthecostperpalletis1185/25=47.4.Airtransportationisoptimumchoice.Airtransportationcanusetheleasttimetoconveygoodsduetofasterspeed.Besi
4、des,italsoensuresthesecuritytoalargeextentrelatively.However,italsohassomedisadvantages.Airtransportationhasexpensivecost,andairportisdistantfrommunicipalcenter.Seatransportationalsocanbechosen.Thoughitistheslowestmethodandvulnerabletobadweatherinocean,itisthelo
5、westexpensesoffreightandcarriesthelargestquantities.AngusGlenalsocanselectrail.Railhasalargecapacityandislessrefrainedbybadweather.Railhasthesedisadvantages,itisnotmuchflexibleandcannotworkwithoutrailroad...2ConsignmentdeliverytermFCAFreeCarrier(namedplaceofdeli
6、very)Atradetermrequiringthesellertodelivergoodsnamedairport,terminal,orotherplacewherecarrieroperates.Costlosstransferbuyerandriskoflosstransfertothebuyerafterdelivertothecarriers.Thesellerfulfilshisobligationdeliverwhenhehashandedgoodsover,clearedforexport,into
7、thechargeofthecarriernamednamedbythebuyeratthenamedplace.Whenusedtradeterms,word“free”meanssellerhasanobediencetodelivergoodsnamedplacefortransfertocarrier(store.iccwbo.org,2016).FOBFreeOnBoard(namedportofshipment)atermininternationalcommerciallawspecifyingatwha
8、tpointthesellertransfersownershipofthegoodstothebuyer.UndertheIncoterms2010standardpublishedbytheInternationalChamberofCommerce,FOBisonlyusedinnon-containerizedseafre
