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1、1997年:EnglishtoChineseOperaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsareinevitablytheprovince(范围)oftherichunlessweabdicate(退位、放弃)society’spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeoperaandotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessible(易接近的,可达到的)tothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Theq
2、uestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperatives(必要的)offood,shelter,defence,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,man-kindstretchedoutahandofnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulse(冲动)towardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrep
3、resentation(表述、陈述)isfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillment(完成、成就)inthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstones(标准、试金石)forallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire(立志、追求
4、目标、渴望);theycarrythemostprofound(深厚的、深刻的)messagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother. 欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈:你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而,享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权,除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众,面向那些个人没有支付能力的人。然而,问题是我们为什么要这么做。没有人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育是不可或缺的。但是,即使在史前的穴居时代,人们伸出手来,也不仅仅是为了吃喝,为了搏杀,而且还有一个目的,那就是动手作画。人
5、们对文化的冲动,即人们希望通过想象和再现来表现并探索这个世界的愿望,才是最根本的。在欧洲,人们通过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等方面的不朽作品的创作,实现了这一愿望。这些杰作是衡量人类努力程度的试金石,是检验人类思维和想象潜能的标准,它们有着最深厚的寓意,并在人们彼此之间传播。1998年: IagreetosomeextentwithmyimaginaryEnglishreader.Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhapspronetoviewtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistaki
6、ngprominenceforuniqueness.Theydoover-phrasetheirownliterature,orcertainlyitsminorfigures.AndAmericansdoswingfromaggressiveoverphraseoftheirliteraturetoanequallyunfortunate,imitativedeference.Butthen,theEnglishthemselvesaresomewhatinsularintheirliteraryappraisals.Moreover,infie
7、ldswheretheyarenotpre-eminent—e.g.inpaintingandmusic—theytooalternatebetweenboastingofnativeproductsandcopyingthoseoftheContinent.HowmanyEnglishpaintingstrytolookasthoughtheyweredoneinParis;howmanytimeshavewereadinarticlesthattheyreallyrepresentan“Englishtradition”afterall.Tos
8、peakofAmericanliterature,then,isnottoassert(断言、声称)thatitiscom