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1、ESSENTIALIDIOMSINENGLISHbyROBERTJ.DIXSONFOREWORDIdiomaticexpressionshavelongplayedanimportantroleintheEnglishlanguage.Infact,theuseofidiomsissowidespreadthatanunderstandingoftheseexpressionsisessentialtosuccessfulcommunication,whetherinlistening,speaking,reading,orwriting.Thestudentmay
2、learngrammarand,withtime,acquireadequatevocabulary,butwithoutaworkingknowledgeofsuchidiomsasaboveall,togetalong,onthewhole,tolookup,etc.,eventhebeststudent'sspeechwillremainawkwardandordinary.Ofcourse,theidiomsselectedforstudyshouldhavepracticalvalueandbewithinthestudent'sabilitytocomp
3、rehend.Suchexpressionsastosettheworldonfireortowashone'sdirtylaundryinpublicmaybeverycolorful,buttheydolittletohelpthestudentachievefluencyinEnglish.TeachersofEnglishhavelongrecognizedthatidiomaticexpressionsaddgraceandexactnesstothelanguage.Thealertteacherwillmaketheirstudyanintegralp
4、artoftheteachingprocess.However,learningsuchexpressionsisneveraneasytaskforthestudentlearningEnglishasasecondorforeignlanguage.Attemptstotranslateliterallyfromthestudent'snativetongueusuallyleadtoroundaboutexpressionofmeaningand,moreoften,toconfusion.Forthisreason,onlybasicidiomshavebe
5、enincludedinthisbook,appropriatelynamedEssentialIdiomsinEnglish,NewEdition.Furthermore,itwasdecidednottoburdenthestudentwithdiscussionoftheoriginsofidioms.Thereisnoneedtodefinetheexactnatureofanidiomexcepttoassumethatitisaphrasethathasameaningdifferentfromthemeaningsofitsindividualpart
6、s.Thishelpstoexplainwhyitisoftendifficulttotranslateanidiomfromonelanguagetoanotherwithoutincurringsomechangeinmeaningorusage.Forthepurposesofthisbook,two-wordverbsareincludedinthegeneralcategoryofidioms.Atwo-wordverbisaverbwhosemeaningisalteredbyheadditionofaparticle(aprepositionusedw
7、ithaverbtoformanidiomaticexpression.)tolook,forexample,maybecometolookuportolookover,eachhavingitsownspecialmeaning.Whenatwo-wordverbcanbeseparatedbyanounorpronoun,thesymbol(S)forseparableisinsertedinthedefinition.Sentencesillustratingbothseparableandnonseparableformsareincludedinthe
