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1、ESSENTIALIDIOMSINENGLISHbyROBERTJ.DIXSONFOREWORDIdiomaticexpressionshavelongplayedanimportantroleintheEnglishlanguage.Infact,theuseofidiomsissowidespreadthatanunderstandingoftheseexpressionsisessentialtosuccessfulcommunication,whetherinlistening,speaking,reading
2、,orwriting.Thestudentmaylearngrammarand,withtime,acquireadequatevocabulary,butwithoutaworkingknowledgeofsuchidiomsasaboveall,togetalong,onthewhole,tolookup,etc.,eventhebeststudent'sspeechwillremainawkwardandordinary.Ofcourse,theidiomsselectedforstudyshouldhavepr
3、acticalvalueandbewithinthestudent'sabilitytocomprehend.Suchexpressionsastosettheworldonfireortowashone'sdirtylaundryinpublicmaybeverycolorful,buttheydolittletohelpthestudentachievefluencyinEnglish.TeachersofEnglishhavelongrecognizedthatidiomaticexpressionsaddgra
4、ceandexactnesstothelanguage.Thealertteacherwillmaketheirstudyanintegralpartoftheteachingprocess.However,learningsuchexpressionsisneveraneasytaskforthestudentlearningEnglishasasecondorforeignlanguage.Attemptstotranslateliterallyfromthestudent'snativetongueusually
5、leadtoroundaboutexpressionofmeaningand,moreoften,toconfusion.Forthisreason,onlybasicidiomshavebeenincludedinthisbook,appropriatelynamedEssentialIdiomsinEnglish,NewEdition.Furthermore,itwasdecidednottoburdenthestudentwithdiscussionoftheoriginsofidioms.Thereisnone
6、edtodefinetheexactnatureofanidiomexcepttoassumethatitisaphrasethathasameaningdifferentfromthemeaningsofitsindividualparts.Thishelpstoexplainwhyitisoftendifficulttotranslateanidiomfromonelanguagetoanotherwithoutincurringsomechangeinmeaningorusage.Forthepurposesof
7、thisbook,two-wordverbsareincludedinthegeneralcategoryofidioms.Atwo-wordverbisaverbwhosemeaningisalteredbyheadditionofaparticle(aprepositionusedwithaverbtoformanidiomaticexpression.)tolook,forexample,maybecometolookuportolookover,eachhavingitsownspecialmeaning.Wh
8、enatwo-wordverbcanbeseparatedbyanounorpronoun,thesymbol(S)forseparableisinsertedinthedefinition.Sentencesillustratingbothseparableandnonseparableformsareincludedinthe
