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1、《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案UnitOne:ComputerandComputerScienceUnitOne/SectionALFillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdaByron2.input;output3.VLSI4.workstations;mainframes5・vacuum;transistors6.instructions;software7.digit;eight;byteµminiaturization;chipII.Tra
2、nslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.artificialintelligence人工智能2.paper-tapereader纸带阅读器3・opticalcomputer光计算机4.neuralnetwork神经网络5.instructionset扌旨令集6.parallelprocessing并行处理7.differeneeengine差分机8.versatilelogicalelement通用逻辑元件9.siliconsubstrate硅衬底10.vacuumtub
3、e真空管11.数据的存储与处理thestorageandhandlingofdata12.超大规模集成电路verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit13.中央处理器centralprocessingunit14.个人计算机personalcomputer15.模拟计算机analoguecomputer16.数字计算机digitalcomputer17.通用计算机general-purposecomputer18.处理器芯片processorchip19.操作扌旨令operatinginstructions20・输入设备inputdeviceIIL
4、Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist，makingchangesifnecessary:Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.Theycanalsobeclassifiedasmainframes,mihicompid
5、frs、workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse(forexample,theageofthemachine)beingequal,thisca忆gori：citionprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer^speed,size,cost,andabilities.Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges・First-generationcomputersofhistoricsignificance、suchasUNIVAC(通
6、用自动计算机),introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplacedtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchasmicrocompute
7、rs、whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleint即ationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersarcexpectedtocombiiwvcry-largc-scalcintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachestocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing
