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1、`《计算机英语(第4版)》练习参考答案UnitOne:ComputerandComputerScienceUnitOne/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdaByron2.input;output3.VLSI4.workstations;mainframes5.vacuum;transistors6.instructions;software7.digit;eight;byte8.m
2、icrominiaturization;chipII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.artificialintelligence人工智能2.paper-tapereader纸带阅读器3.opticalcomputer光计算机4.neuralnetwork神经网络5.instructionset指令集6.parallelprocessing并行处理7.differenceengine差分机8.versat
3、ilelogicalelement通用逻辑元件9.siliconsubstrate硅衬底10.vacuumtube真空管11.数据的存储与处理thestorageandhandlingofdata12.超大规模集成电路verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit13.中央处理器centralprocessingunit14.个人计算机personalcomputer```15.模拟计算机analoguecomputer16.数字计算机digitalcomputer17.通用计算机general-
4、purposecomputer18.处理器芯片processorchip19.操作指令operatinginstructions20.输入设备inputdeviceIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutpu
5、t.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.Theycanalsobeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomputers,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse(forexample,theageofthemachine)beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer’sspeed,siz
6、e,cost,andabilities.Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoricsignificance,suchasUNIVAC(通用自动计算机),introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethosei
7、nwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplacedtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchasmicrocomputers,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeinco
8、rporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachestocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedpr