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1、《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案UnitOne:ComputerandComputerScienceUnitOne/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdaByron2.input;output3.VLSI4.workstations;mainframes5.vacuum;transistors6.instructions;software7.digit;eight;byte8.microminiaturization;chipII.Tr
2、anslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.artificialintelligence人工智能2.paper-tapereader纸带阅读器3.opticalcomputer光计算机4.neuralnetwork神经网络5.instructionset指令集6.parallelprocessing并行处理7.differenceengine差分机8.versatilelogicalelement通用逻辑元件9.siliconsubstrate硅衬底10.vacuumtube
3、真空管11.数据的存储与处理thestorageandhandlingofdata12.超大规模集成电路verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit13.中央处理器centralprocessingunit14.个人计算机personalcomputer15.模拟计算机analoguecomputer16.数字计算机digitalcomputer17.通用计算机general-purposecomputer18.处理器芯片processorchip19.操作指令operatinginstructions20.输入设备inputdeviceIII.Fi
4、llineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.Theycanalsobeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomputers
5、,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse(forexample,theageofthemachine)beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer’sspeed,size,cost,andabilities.Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoricsignificance,suchasUNIVAC(通用自动
6、计算机),introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplacedtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchasmicrocomputers,w
7、hichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachestocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedproces
