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1、1.Designfeature:arefeaturesthatdefineourhumanIanguages,suchasarbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,culturaltransmission,etc.2.Function:theuseoflanguagetocommunicate,tothink,etc.Languagefunctionsincludeinformativefunction,interpersonalfunction,performativefunction
2、,interpersonalfunction,performativefunction,emotivefunction,phaticcommunionrecreationalfunctionandmetalingualfunction.3.etic:atermincontrastwithemicwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike'sdistinctionofphoneticsandphonemics.Beingeticmansmakingfartoomany,aswellasbehavious
3、lyinconsequential,differentiations,justaswasofterthecasewithphoneticvx.phonemicanalysisinlinguisticsproper.4.emic:atermincontrastwitheticwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike'sdistinctionofphoneticsandphonemics.Anemicsetofspeechactsandeventsmustbeonethatisvalidatedasme
4、aningfulviafinalresourcetothenativemembersofaspeechcommunithratherthanviaqppealtotheinvestigator'singenuithorintuitionalone.5.synchronic:akindofdescriptionwhichtakesafixedinstant(usually,butnotnecessarily,thepresent)，asitspointofobservation.Mostgrammarsareofthiskind・6.di
5、achronic:studyofalanguageiscarriedthroughthecourseofitshistory.7.prescriptive:thestudyofalanguageiscarriedthroughthecourseofitshistory.8.prescriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsareprescribedhowoughttobej.e」ayingdownrulesforlanguageuse.9.descriptive:akindoflinguis
6、ticstudyinwhichthingsarejustdescribed.10.arbitrariness:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage9whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.11.duality:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofarecompos
7、edofelementsofthesecondary」evelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.12.displacement:onedesignfeatureofhumanIanguage,whichmeanshumanlanguageenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentcintimeandspace,atthemomentofcommunication.1
8、3.Apheticcommunion:onefunctionofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothesocialinteractionoflanguage.14.Metlanguag
