医学生必备-解剖专业词汇 1

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1、第一部分systematicanatomy系统解剖学topographicanatomy局部解剖学macroanatomy巨视解剖学microanatomy微视解剖学surgicalanatomy外科解剖学surfaceanatomy表面解剖学X-rayanatomyX线解剖学sectionalanatomy断层解剖学locomotiveanatomy运动解剖学anatomicalposition解剖学姿势superior上inferior下cranial颅侧caudal尾侧anterior前ventral腹侧posterio

2、r后dorsal背侧medial内侧lateral外侧internal内external外superficial浅profound深proximal近侧distal远侧ulnar尺侧radial桡侧tibial胫侧fibular腓侧left左right右horizontal水平central中央Verticalaxis轴Sagittalaxis矢状轴Coronalaxis冠状轴Sagittalplane矢状面plane面horizontalplane面variation变异abnormal异常dissection解剖cadav

3、er尸体specimen标本model模型bone骨longbone长骨diaphysis,shaft骨干medullarycavity髓腔nutrientforamen滋养孔epiphysis骺articularsurface关节面metaphysis干骺端epiphysilcartilage骺软骨epiphysialline骺线shortbone短骨flatbone扁骨irregularbone不规则骨pneumaticbone含气骨sesamoidbone籽骨process突spine棘eminence隆起tuberos

4、ity粗隆tuber结节tubercle小结节crest嵴line线fossa窝fovea凹foveola小凹sulcus沟impression压迹cavity腔sinus窦antrum房cellules小房canal管meatus道aperture口foramen孔hiatus裂孔head头capitulum小头condyle髁epicondyle上髁surface面border缘notch切迹compactbone骨密质spongybone骨松质trabeculae骨小梁diploe板障periosteum骨膜endost

5、eum骨内膜bonemarrow骨髓osteoporosis骨质疏松症vertebrae椎骨vertebralbody椎体vertebralforamen椎孔vertebralcanal椎管vertebralarch椎弓pedicleofvertebralarch椎弓根intervertebralforamina椎间孔laminaofvertebralarch椎弓板spinousprocess棘突transverseprocess横突articularprocess关节突thoracicvertebrae胸椎cervicalv

6、ertebrae颈椎uncusofvertebralbody椎体钩transverseforamen横突孔atlas寰椎axis枢椎vertebraeprominens隆椎lumbarvertebrae腰椎sacrum；sacralbone骶骨promontory岬sacralhiatus骶管裂孔sacralcornu骶角coccyx尾骨sternum胸骨manubriumsterni胸骨柄sternalangle胸骨角jugularnotch颈静脉切迹bodyofsternum胸骨体xiphoidprocess剑突costa

7、larch肋弓costalbone肋骨costalhead肋头costalneck肋颈costaltubercle肋结节shaftofrib肋体costalgroove肋沟costalangle肋角costalcartilage肋软骨skull颅calvaria颅盖frontalbone额骨ethmoidbone筛骨sphenoidbone蝶骨hypophysialfossa垂体窝greaterwing大翼foramenrotundum圆孔foramenovale卵圆孔foramenspinosum棘孔lesserwing小翼

8、opticcanal视神经管superiororbitalfissure眶上裂pterygoidprocess翼突pterygoidcanal翼管temporalbone颞骨squamouspart鳞部mandibularfossa下颌窝articulartubercle关节