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1、英语常见修辞Figuresofspeech(修辞)arewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralsensetolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively.Nowwearegoingtotalkaboutsomecommonformsoffigu
2、resofspeech.1.Simile：(明喻）Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristic(特性)incommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asif/though,seemtobe,resembleandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetothe
3、other.Forexample,Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.Shespokehurriedly,asifherhearthadleapedintoherthroatattheboy’swords.Ohmyonlyfriend,mybestbeloved,thegatesareopeninmyhouse-donotpassbylikeadream.(Tagore)Thepolicemantalkslikeabook/speaksaseloquent
4、lyasSocrates.2.Metaphor：(暗喻）Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Forexample,theworldisastage.anironcurtainhasdescendedacrossthecontinent.(WinstonChurchill)Thedepressedyoungman’sspiritisc
5、overedwithsnowsofcynicismandtheiceofpessimism.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletohewouroffthemountainofdespairastoneofhope.(MartinLutherKing)3.Analogy:(类比）figureofspeechinwhichthecommoncharacteristicsoftwodifferentthingsarecompared.(Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileo
6、rmetaphorwhichusuallyusescomparisonononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.)Askilfulcarpenter,ontheotherhand,willdrivehomethenailwithafewfirm,deftblows,hittingiteachtimesquarelyonthehead.S
7、owithlanguage;thegoodcraftsmanwillchoosewordsthatdrivehomehispointfirmlyandexactly.Judiciouspraiseistochildrenwhatthesunistoflower.Foodistoourbodywhatbooksaretoourmind.Freedomistoslaveswhatairistolife.4.Metonymy(转喻）Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionoft
8、henameofonethingforthatofanother.Forinstance,WashingtonstandsfortheUnitedStatesgovernment,theswordformilitarypower.Thepen(words)ism
