第十四章 生命体征的评估与护理

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1、Chapter9ColdandHeatTherapySectionⅠIntroductionSectionⅡColdandHeatapplicationsSectionⅠIntroductionConceptofColdandHeatTherapyBodilyResponsestoColdandHeatTherapyFactorsInfluencingtheEffectofColdandHeatTherapyConceptofColdandHeatTherapyTheColdandHeatTherapyisatherapymethodthatutilizessubstances

2、,thetemperatureofwhicharelowerorhigherthantheskinsurfacetemperature,actingontheskin,toattainlocalandsystemictreatingeffects.coldreceptors（Krause小体):--真皮上层（乳头状层）,接受冷的迅息.Heatreceptors（Ruffini’s小体):--真皮下层（网状层),接受热的迅息.25-30万个3万个Heatandcoldreceptorsadaptrapidlytotemperaturechangesinthebody’senvir

3、onment.表皮真皮冷刺激真皮上层Krause小体热刺激真皮下层Ruffini’s小体传入神经纤维大脑皮质感觉中枢传出神经纤维机体产生相应运动反射性地引起皮肤和内脏器官血管收缩或扩张改变机体各系统的体液循环和代谢活动BodilyResponsestoColdandHeatTherapyInitial,orPrimaryResponsesPhysiologicalResponsesThermalReceptorsAdaptationSecondaryResponsesPhysiologicalResponsesTable9-1physiologicalresponsestoh

4、eatandcoldHeatCold·Vasodilation·Vasoconstriction·Increasesbloodflowtotheaffectedarea;increasessupplyofnutrients,oxygen,andwastesremoval·Reducesbloodflowtotheaffectedarea;reducessupplyofnutrients,oxygen,andwastesremoval·Increasescapillarypermeability·Decreasescapillarypermeability·Increasesce

5、llularmetabolism·Decreasescellularmetabolism·Increasesamountandmotilityofleukocytes·Decreasesamountandmotilityofleukocytes·Increasesinflammationandsuppuration·Slowsbacterialgrowth,decreasesinflammation·Increaseslymphflow·Reduceslymphflow·Raisesbodytemperature·Lowersbodytemperature·Decreasest

6、heviscosityoftheblood·Increasestheviscosityoftheblood·Decreasesmuscletonusandrelaxesmuscles·Increasesnerveimpulseconduction·Decreasesnerveimpulseconduction·DecreasesviscosityofsynovialfluidsWhentheheatandcoldreceptorsaresubjectedtoanabruptchangeintemperature,thereceptorsarestronglystimulated

7、initially.Thisstrongstimulationdeclinesrapidlyduringthefirstfewsecondsandthenmoreslowlyduringthenexthalfhourormoreasthereceptorsadapttothenewtemperature.Thisphenomenoniscalledthermalreceptorsadaptation.ThermalReceptorsAdaptation16～42℃SecondaryRespo