翻译理论集锦

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1、1.terms1)translationTranslation isthecommunicationofthe meaning ofasource-languagetextbymeansofan equivalent target-languagetext. While interpreting—thefacilitatingoforalorsign-languagecommunicationbetweenusersofdifferentlanguages—antedates writing,translationbeganonlyaftert

2、heappearanceofwritten literature.ThereexistpartialtranslationsoftheSumerian EpicofGilgamesh (ca.2000BCE)into SouthwestAsian languagesofthesecondmillenniumBCE.Translatorsalwaysriskinappropriate spill-over ofsource-language idiom and usage intothetarget-languagetranslation.Ont

3、heotherhand,spill-overshaveimportedusefulsource-language calques and loanwords thathaveenrichedthetargetlanguages.Indeed,translatorshavehelpedsubstantiallytoshapethelanguagesintowhichtheyhavetranslated.Owingtothedemandsof business documentationconsequenttothe IndustrialRevol

4、ution thatbeganinthemid-18thcentury,sometranslationspecialtieshavebecomeformalized,withdedicatedschoolsandprofessionalassociations.Becauseofthelaboriousnessoftranslation,sincethe1940sengineershavesoughtto automatetranslation ortomechanicallyaidthehumantranslator.Theriseofthe

5、 Internet hasfostereda world-widemarket for translationservices andhasfacilitated languagelocalization.Translationstudies systematicallystudythetheoryandpracticeoftranslation.2)Translationmethods翻译方法是翻译活动中，基于某种翻译策略，为达到特定的翻译目的所采取的特定的途径、步骤、手段。Literaltranslation:meansnottoalter

6、theoriginalwordsandsentences,itstrivestokeepthesentimentsandstyleoftheoriginal.Ittakessentencesasitsbasicunitsandtakesthewholetextintoconsiderationatthesametimeintheideologicalcontextandthestyleoftheoriginalworksandretainsasmuchaspossiblethefiguresofspeech.eg:纸老虎papertigerwo

7、rdforwordLiberaltranslation:isanalternativeapproachwhichisusedmainlytoconveythemeaningandspiritoftheoriginalwithouttryingtoreproduceitssentencepatternsorfigureofspeech.Eg；Adam’sapple喉结senseforsense3)Translationstrategies翻译策略是翻译活动中，为实现特定的翻译目的所依据的原则和所采纳的方案集合。Aplanorpolicydesig

8、nedforaparticularpurpose.异化：Foreignization尽量不要打扰原作者，而是把读者带向原作者。Schleiermach