资源描述：
《跨文化商务交际Chapter_4_Contrasting_Cultural_Values》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Chapter4ContrastingCulturalValuesContents1.Culturalvalues1.1ComparisonbetweenChinesevaluesandwesternvalues1.2ComparisonbetweenChinesevaluesandAmericanvalues2.Culturaldimension2.1Powerdistance2.1.1Smallpowerdistanceculture2.1.2Largepowerdistanceculture2.2In
2、dividualismversuscollectivism2.2.1Individualisticculture2.2.2Collectivistculture2.3Masculinityversusfemininity2.3.1Masculineculture2.3.2Feminineculture2.4Uncertaintyavoidance2.4.1Lowuncertaintyavoidance2.4.2HighuncertaintyavoidanceIntroduction1.Definitiono
3、fvalueOne’sprinciplesorstandards,one’sjudgmentofwhatisvaluableorimportantinlife.--ConciseOxfordDictionaryValuesaregenerallynormative,i.e.valuessetnorms.Inotherwords,valuesdealwithwhatisrequiredorforbidden,whatisjudgedtobegoodorbad,rightorwrong,positiveorne
4、gative.Inanygivensociety,valuesrepresentthestandardsbywhichbehaviorisevaluatedandnotnecessarilytheactualbehavior.ExamplesWeallknowthatweshoulddoeverythingtoprotectourcountry.Whenitisnecessary,weshouldbereadytosacrificeourlivesforher.Solovingourcountryisava
5、luewehavebeentaughtsincewewereyoung.--patriotismAnotherone,filialpietyisanotherimportantvalueinChina.Ifsomeonetreatshisorherparentsbadly,wetendtobecriticalofhimorher.2.Valuesformthecoreofculture.symbolsheroesritualsvaluesValues,theinnermost“skinoftheonion”
6、,liesatthecoreofaculture.Valuesaresocialprinciples,goals,orstandardsacceptedbypersonsinaculture.Thecore“values”areinvisibleandcannotbetouched.Inotherwords,valuesareabstract.Sovaluesarethedeepestmanifestationsofcultureandthemostdifficulttounderstandbyanouts
7、iderwhodonotbelongtothisgroup.3.ThreetypesofvalueUniversalvalues（普遍的价值观）Cultural-specificvalues(某一文化特有的价值观)Peculiarexpressionordeviationsofindividualswithincultures（文化中的个体所特有的价值观)Universalvalues（普遍的价值观）Universalvaluesarevaluescommontoallpeople.Forexample,a
8、desiretoliveahappylifeisauniversalvalue,aseveryonewantstolivehappily.Cultural-specificvalues（某一文化特有的价值观）Theyarevaluesappliedonlytooneparticularculture.Forexample,individualismappliesparticularlytoAmericancult
