运输管理复习(整理)

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1、1.PlaceUtility:GettingtheproductstothepointofconsumptioncreatesPlaceUtility.TheproductwillhavenovalueunlessconsumedbytheendconsumerswhodemandedfortheproductsTimeUtility:GettingtheproductstomarketontimecreatesTimeUtility・Theproductwillnotbeasvaluabletotheconsumero

2、ncethedemandnolongerexistsorthereisasubstitute.2.Product:EaseordifficultyoftransportingtheproductCostoftransportationTransportequipmentavailabilityCapacityofequipmenttomovetheproductPricingTransportationcostisavariableexpenseofbusinessoperationsWillinfluencethepr

3、iceoftheproductasorganizationsneedtorecoverthecostsspentontransportationGoodcontrolofthesecostswillenablelowerpricesofproductssoldTargetMarketsAvailability&costoftransportationwilldetermineifaproductcanbesoldtoatargetmarketMoreimportantistheabilitytoconsistentlyp

4、rovidetheproducttothetargetmarketinatimelymannerPurchasing/Procurement/AcquisitionTransportationcost,availabilityandabilitywillinfluencewhatispurchasedbyanorganizationfromrawproductstopartstofinishedgoodsFacilityLocationTransportationavailability,adequacyandcostw

5、illdeterminetheproximityoflocations(warehouse,factories/retailoutlets)tothefinalcustomersTransportationCosts(影响运输成本的两个因素)(1)Product-RelatedFactors(产品自身因素)：DensityLowdensityproducts(lowweight-to-volumeratios)=highertransportationcostperkgStow-ability(CubeUtilizati

6、on)Highstow-ability=lowertransportationcostEase/DifficultyinHandlingProductsthataremoredifficulttohandle=highertransportationcostsLiabilityHigherliabilityassumedbytransportationcarrier=highertransportationcosts(2)Market-RelatedFactors(市场因素)%1Degreeofintra-modeand

7、inter-modecompetition%1Thelocationofmarkets(3)Thenatureandextentofgovernmentregulation%1Thebalance/imbalanceoffreighttrafficinamarket%1Theseasonalityofproductmovements%1Whethertheproductistransporteddomesticallyorinternationally4.PricingRelatedIssues:(1)Cost-of-S

8、ervicepricingstrategy:%1CoversFixed&VariableCost+ProfitMargin%1Idealasitestablishesratelimitprovidedthatthecarrierisabletoidentifyitsfixedandvariablecosts(3)Tr