中国猕猴生态学研究进展

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1、中国獗猴生态学研究进展路纪琪田军东张鹏郑州大学生物多样性与生态学研究所中山大学社会学与人类学学院摘要：屮国的灵长类学研究始于19世纪屮期Z后，而兴盛于20世纪80年代至今。獗猴(Macacamulatta)是世界及中国分布最为广泛的一种非人灵长类动物，在中国境内分布于17个省(市、区)，已被列为国家二级重点保护野生动物。迄今为止，学者们己对獗猴进行了包括地理分布、种群动态、食性、社会生态、保护生态等多方面的研究。本文拟对国内有关獗猴生态学方面的研究工作进行冋顾与综述，以期通过对以往工作的汇总，梳理关于狒猴的研究线索与动态，并对今后的研

2、究有所启示。关键词：獗猴；生态学;社会;野生种群;作者简介：路纪琪(1964-)，博士，教授，主要从事动物生态学研究.收稿日期：2017-03-03基金：国家自然科学基金项目(3147201&31672302)Advancesinecologicalresearchregardingrhesusmacaques(Macacamulatta)inChinaLUJiqiTIANJundongZHANGPengInstituteofBiodiversityandEcology,ZhengzhouUniversity;SchoolofSoci

3、ologyandAnthropology,SunYat-SenUniversity;Abstract：ResearchonprimatesintheChinastartedinthemiddleofthe19thcentury,andthrivedfromthe1980stodate.Asawidelydistributednon-humanprimatespeciesworldwide,rhesusmacaques(Macacamulatta)waslistedGrade2withinKeyProtectedWildlifeofCh

4、ina.Researchershavepublishedaclusterofworksonmacaques,includinggeographicaldistribution,populationdynamics,foodhabits,socialecology,conservationecologyetc.Inthispaper,wereviewedtheresearchadvancesinrhesusmacaquesinChinei.(1)geographicaldistributionandhabitats:rhesusmaca

5、quesoccurredin17ProvincesinChina,andtheirhabitatsrangefromabout250ma.s.1.toabout4000ma.s.1.(2)populationsandpopulationincrease:thecurrenttotalpopulationofrhesusmacaquesinChinaisabout96000individuals.Wehave1imitedknowledgeforpopulationparamctersofrhesusmacaquesexcepttheH

6、ainanmacaques.(3)foodhabits:rhesusmacaquesinChinafeedonvarietyoffooditemswhichisinlinewithwide-spreaddistributioninvarioushabitats.(4)activityrhythms:thepublishedworksmainlyfocusedontherhythmofforagingbehavior,andshowedthatrhesusmacaquesexhibitedtwodailyactivitypeaks.(5

7、)reproductiveecology:rhesusmacaquesshowedaseasonalreproductionpattern,anddifferedsignificantlyinbirthperiod,andlengthsofpregnancyandlactationperiodbetweennorthernmostandsouthernmostpopulation.(6)socialecology:thesocietyofrhesusmacaquescomprisedmulti-maleandmulti~female,

8、basedonmatrilinealrelationships.TherewerestrictlinealdominanccranksamongadultmalesandaduItfemales，respectively