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1、尿毒症脑病20例临床研究【摘要】目的:研究尿毒症脑病的临床特征,减少误诊、课治。方法:对20例临床诊断为尿毒症性脑病患者进行研究,对其诊治、预后进行分析。结果:20例患者中临床表现有意识障碍3例,精神症状12例,癫痫发作6例,不自主运动6例,中枢有1例,12例脑电图异常,均表现为弥漫性慢波,全部作CT检查,做MRI检查8例。脑萎缩12例,6例检出14个低密度病灶或/和长Tl、T2异常信号灶,依次为基底节4个、放射冠区2个、枕叶1个、丘脑2个、硕叶1个、桥脑2个、岛叶、顶叶各1个,大小在0.3cmX0.4cm〜0.6cmX0.9cm,类图形,边缘清楚;CT图像呈低密度影,CT值17〜
2、23Hu,而MRI图像上呈长T1和长T2异常信号。均接受透析治疗,2例死亡,治愈6例,有效12例。结论:尿毒症性脑病临床表现多样,及时诊治可提高存活率。【关键词】尿毒症脑病;临床特征;肾衰竭Clinicalanalysisof20caseswithuremicencephalopathyZHAOChun-zhe(JilinOilFieldGeneralHospital,Songyuan138000,China)Abstract:ObjectiveTostudytheclinicalcharacteristicsofureinicencephalopathy,andreducemis
3、diagnosisandmistreatment.MethodThediagnosis,treatmentandprognosisof20casesclinicallydiagnosedofuremicencephalopathywereanalysed.ResultsAmong20patientswiththefollowingclinicalmanifestations:3casesofdisturbanceofconsciousness,12caseswithmentalsymptoms,6casesofepilepsy,6casesofinvoluntarymovement
4、and1caseofcentralblindness.For12caseswithEEGabnormalityallshoweddiffuseslow-wave,andallforCTexamination,8forMRIexamination.For12caseswithbrainatrophy,14low-densitylesionsweredetectedin6casesand/orlong-TI,T2abnormalsignallesions,followedby4inbasalganglia,2incoronaradiatadistrict,1inoccipital,2i
5、nhypothalamus,1intemporallobe,2inpons,1ininsularand1inparietallobe.Thesizewas0.3cm×0.4cm〜0.6cm×0.9cm,withtypeofgraphicsandclearedge.CTimagesshowedlow-densityshadow,CTvalueof17~23Hu,andMRIimagesairangedlongT1andT2signalabnormalities.Allthepatientsreceiveddialysistreatment,and2casesd
6、ied,6casescured,12casesofeffect.ConclusionTheclinicalmanifestationsofuremicencephalopathyisdiverse,timelydiagnosisandtreatmentcanimprovesurvivalrate.KeyWords:Uremicencephalopathy;Clinicalfeatures;Renalfailure尿毒症脑病(ruemicencephalopathy,UE),也称为肾性脑病,是指尿毒症患者出现继发中枢神经系统的损害。临床表现多样复杂,可以出现意识障碍、精神行为异常、不
7、自主运动、癫痫发作、言语、运动障碍、中枢盲等,易引起误诊、误治。若能及时诊治,会使病情明显好转,并提高存活率。对我院肾内科和神经内科联合诊治的20例尿毒症脑病患者进行临床分析,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料:选择2008年1月〜2009年4月在本院肾内科收治,与神经内科联合治疗的尿毒症脑病患者共20例,男12例,女8例,年龄52〜72岁,平均62岁。所有入选的病例均排除急性脑血管疾病、糖尿病酮症酸中毒、低血糖昏迷、肺性脑病和肝性脑病等,既往无神经粘神病史。原发