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1、TowardaComparativeInstitutionalAnalysisComparativeInstitutionalAnalysis(CIA)SeriesSeriesEditors:MasahikoAoki,AvnerGreif,andPaulMilgrom1.TransitionandEconomics:Politics,Markets,andFirmsGe´rardRoland,20002.TowardaComparativeInstitutionalAnalysisMasahikoAoki,2001TowardaComparativeInsti
2、tutionalAnalysisMasahikoAokiTheMITPressCambridge,MassachusettsLondon,England(2001MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanyelectronicormechanicalmeans(includingphotocopying,recording,orinformationstorageandretrieval)withoutpermi
3、ssioninwritingfromthepublisher.ThisbookwassetinTimesNewRomanon3B2byAscoTypesetters,HongKong.PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataAoki,Masahiko,1938–Towardacomparativeinstitutionalanalysis/MasahikoAoki.p.cm.—(Comparativeinstitutional
4、analysis;2)Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-262-01187-5(hc.:alk.paper)1.Institutionaleconomics.2.Gametheory.I.Title.II.Series.HB99.5.A6320013330—dc212001032633ContentsAcknowledgmentsix1WhatAreInstitutions?HowShouldWeApproachThem?11.1ThreeViewsofInstitutionsinaGame-The
5、oreticPerspective41.2AspectsofInstitutions:SharedBeliefs,SummaryRepresentationsofEquilibrium,andEndogenousRulesoftheGame101.3OrganizationoftheBook21IPROTO-INSTITUTIONS:INTRODUCINGBASICTYPES312CustomaryPropertyRightsandCommunityNorms352.1CustomaryPropertyRightsasaSelf-organizingSyste
6、m352.2CommunityNormsasaSelf-enforcingSolutiontotheCommonsProblem43Appendix:HistoryversusEcologyasaDeterminantofaNorm:TheCaseofYiKorea553ThePrivate-OrderedGovernanceofTrade,Contracts,andMarkets593.1Traders’Norms623.2CulturalBeliefsandSelf-enforcingEmploymentContracts683.3PrivateThird
7、-PartyGovernance:TheLawMerchant733.4MoralCodes763.5OverallMarketGovernanceArrangements78Appendix:MoneyasanEvolutiveConvention914OrganizationalArchitectureandGovernance954.1OrganizationalBuildingBlocks:HierarchicalDecomposition,InformationAssimilation,andEncapsulation984.2TypesofOrga
8、nizationalArchitect