专八英语阅读

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1、英语专业八级考试TEM-8阅读理解练习册（1）(英语专业2012级)UNIT1TextAEveryminuteofeveryday,whatecologist生态学家JamesCarltoncallsaglobal“conveyorbelt”,redistributesoceanorganisms生物.It’splanetwidebiologicaldisruption生物的破坏thatscientistshavebarelybeguntounderstand.Dr.Carlton—anoceanograph

2、eratWilliamsCollegein81Williamstown,Mass.—explainsthat,atanygivenmoment,“Thereareseveralthousandmarinespeciestraveling…intheballastwaterofships.”Thesecreaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtearthatwebapart

3、.Thisisthelargerdimensionoftheinfamous无耻的，邪恶的invasionoffish-destroying,pipe-cloggingzebramussels有斑马纹的贻贝.Suchvoracious贪婪的invadersatleastmaketheirpresenceknown.WhatconcernsCarltonandhisfellowmarineecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvaderst

4、hatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundtheworldeveryday.Manyofthemprobablyjustdieout.Somebenignly亲切地，仁慈地—orevenbeneficially—jointhelocalscene.Butsomewillmaketrouble.Inonesense,thisisanoldstory.Organismshaveriddenshipsforcenturies.Theyhaveclungtohullsandcomealong

5、withcargo.What’snewisthescaleandspeedofthemigrationsmadepossiblebythemassivevolumeofship-ballastwater压载水—takenintoprovideshipstability—continuouslymovingaroundtheworld…Shipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastinan

6、otherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway.Asingleloadcanruntohundredsofgallons.Somelargershipstakeonasmuchas40milliongallons.Thecreaturesthatcomealongtendtobeintheirlarvafree-floatingstage.Whendischarged81排出inalienwaterstheycanmatureintocrabs,jellyfish水母,

7、slugs鼻涕虫，蛞蝓,andmanyotherforms.Sincetheprobleminvolvescoastalspecies,simplybanningballastdumpsincoastalwaterswould,intheory,solveit.Coastalorganismsinballastwaterthatisflushedintomidoceanwouldnotsurvive.SuchabanhasworkedforNorthAmericanInlandWaterway.Butitwo

8、uldbehardtoenforceitworldwide.Heatingballastwaterorstrainingitshouldalsohaltthespeciesspread.Butbeforeanysuchworldwideregulationswereimposed,scientistswouldneedaclearerviewofwhatisgoingon.Thecontinuous